Thymosin-β4-mediated therapeutic neovascularization: role of the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Trenkwalder T, Deindl E, Bongiovanni D, Lee S, Schunkert H, Kupatt C, Hinkel R

Expert opinion on biological therapy4 Feb 2015Cited by 8 (Europe PMC)

PMID25652683DOI10.1517/14712598.2015.1011122PepBankPUB-25652683

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone6

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

01AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with hindlimb ischemia, rAAV.Tβ4 transduction induced angiogenesis.
In plain wordsIn mice with limb ischemia, a virus that raises Tβ4 gene activity increased new blood vessel growth.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseAngiogenesis after Tβ4 transduction
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Chronic hindlimb ischemia after femoral artery ligation, rAAV.Tβ4
Outcome group
Angiogenesis · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
In vivo, Tβ4 transduction induced angiogenesis and perfusion
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In mice, rAAV.Tβ4 was injected (intramuscular [i.m.]) 14 days before femoral artery ligation.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2565268302
02AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with hindlimb ischemia, rAAV.Tβ4 transduction induced perfusion.
In plain wordsIn mice with limb ischemia, a virus that raises Tβ4 gene activity increased blood flow in the limb.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseHindlimb perfusion after Tβ4 transduction
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Chronic hindlimb ischemia after femoral artery ligation, rAAV.Tβ4
Outcome group
Angiogenesis · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
In vivo, Tβ4 transduction induced angiogenesis and perfusion
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In mice, rAAV.Tβ4 was injected (intramuscular [i.m.]) 14 days before femoral artery ligation.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2565268303
03AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with hindlimb ischemia, inhibition of Rho-signaling or PI3Kα/AKT abrogated the angiogenesis and perfusion induced by Tβ4 transduction.
In plain wordsIn mice, blocking Rho or PI3Kα/AKT signaling cancelled the vessel growth and blood flow that Tβ4 gene delivery induced.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTβ4-induced angiogenesis and perfusion with Rho or PI3Kα/AKT inhibition
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Chronic hindlimb ischemia after femoral artery ligation, rAAV.Tβ4
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
an effect abrogated by inhibition of Rho-signaling, or PI3Kα/AKT.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In addition, either rAAV.AKT-dn was co-applied or Rho/PI3K/AKT pathways were inhibited.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2565268304
04AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rabbits with hindlimb ischemia, inhibition of AKT abolished angiogenesis.
In plain wordsIn rabbits with limb ischemia, blocking AKT stopped new blood vessel growth in the Tβ4 model.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseAngiogenesis with AKT inhibition in rabbits
Study
rabbitn: not reported in source
Chronic hindlimb ischemia after femoral artery excision, rAAV.Tβ4
Outcome group
Angiogenesis · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
In the rabbit model, inhibition of AKT in the lower limb not only abolished angiogenesis but also collateral formation.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In rabbits, chronic ischemia was induced by femoral artery excision and subsequent i.m. injection of rAAV.Tβ4 ± rAAV.AKT-dn.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2565268305
05AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rabbits with hindlimb ischemia, inhibition of AKT abolished collateral formation.
In plain wordsIn rabbits with limb ischemia, blocking AKT stopped collateral vessel formation in the Tβ4 model.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseCollateral formation with AKT inhibition in rabbits
Study
rabbitn: not reported in source
Chronic hindlimb ischemia after femoral artery excision, rAAV.Tβ4
Outcome group
Angiogenesis · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
In the rabbit model, inhibition of AKT in the lower limb not only abolished angiogenesis but also collateral formation.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In rabbits, chronic ischemia was induced by femoral artery excision and subsequent i.m. injection of rAAV.Tβ4 ± rAAV.AKT-dn.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2565268306
06LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In endothelial cells, inhibition of ROCK or the PI3K/AKT pathway blunted Tβ4-induced ring formation.
In plain wordsIn cells, blocking ROCK or the PI3K/AKT pathway weakened the tube-like rings that Tβ4 induces.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTβ4-induced ring formation with ROCK or PI3K/AKT inhibition
Study
n: not reported in source
Endothelial cells, tube formation assay
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Tβ4-induced ring formation was blunted by inhibiting the Rho-kinase (ROCK) or the PI3K/AKT pathway.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Tube formation assays of endothelial cells transfected with Tβ4 ± AKT-dn or PI3Kα/Rho inhibition were performed.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2565268301

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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