In vitro models for metabolic studies of small peptide hormones in sport drug testing.

Esposito S, Esposito S, Deventer K, Geldof L, Van Eenoo P

Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society3 Dec 2014Cited by 26 (Europe PMC)

PMID25469748DOI10.1002/psc.2710PepBankPUB-25469748

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01LabIn vitro (cell-free)Pharmacokinetics
After incubation with human liver microsomes, S9 fraction and serum, several metabolites were detected for each tested peptide, including TB‑500.
In plain wordsIn lab tests with human liver and blood samples, several breakdown products were found for each tested peptide, including TB‑500.
Peptide
TB-500
Outcome
Not applicableMetabolites formed in in vitro models
Study
humann: not reported in source
human liver microsomes, S9 fraction and serum
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Several metabolites were detected for each peptide after incubation with human liver microsomes, S9 fraction, and serum, which all showed endopeptidase and exopeptidase activity.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The peptides that were investigated include desmopressin, TB-500, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, hexarelin, LHRH and leuprolide.
Report a problemFND-2546974801
02LabIn vitro (cell-free)Pharmacokinetics
In human liver microsomes, S9 fraction and serum, incubation of each studied peptide, GHRP‑6 included, produced several metabolites.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, human liver and serum preparations broke down each studied peptide, GHRP‑6 included, into several metabolites.
Peptide
GHRP-6
Outcome
Not applicableMetabolites formed in in vitro models
Study
humann: not reported in source
human liver microsomes, S9 fraction and serum
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Several metabolites were detected for each peptide after incubation with human liver microsomes, S9 fraction, and serum, which all showed endopeptidase and exopeptidase activity.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study was performed in order to evaluate in vitro models (human liver microsomes and S9 fraction) for the prediction of the metabolism of peptidic doping agents and to compare them with the established models.
Report a problemFND-2546974802
03LabIn vitro (cell-free)Pharmacokinetics
After incubation of GHRP‑2 with human liver microsomes, S9 fraction and serum, several metabolites were detected, with endopeptidase and exopeptidase activity.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, human liver and blood preparations broke GHRP‑2 down into several metabolites.
Peptide
GHRP-2
Outcome
Not applicableMetabolites formed in vitro
Study
humann: not reported in source
human liver microsomes, S9 fraction and serum
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Several metabolites were detected for each peptide after incubation with human liver microsomes, S9 fraction, and serum, which all showed endopeptidase and exopeptidase activity.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The peptides that were investigated include desmopressin, TB-500, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, hexarelin, LHRH and leuprolide.
Report a problemFND-2546974803
04LabIn vitro (cell-free)Pharmacokinetics
After incubation of hexarelin with human liver microsomes, S9 fraction and serum, several metabolites were detected, with endopeptidase and exopeptidase activity.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, human liver and blood preparations broke hexarelin down into several metabolites.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
Not applicableMetabolites formed in vitro
Study
humann: not reported in source
human liver microsomes, S9 fraction and serum
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Several metabolites were detected for each peptide after incubation with human liver microsomes, S9 fraction, and serum, which all showed endopeptidase and exopeptidase activity.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The peptides that were investigated include desmopressin, TB-500, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, hexarelin, LHRH and leuprolide.
Report a problemFND-2546974804

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

05LabNot a test of GHRP-2 aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Pharmacokinetics
Across the in vitro metabolism models tested for several peptides including GHRP‑2, deamidation was not observed.
In plain wordsIn lab tests on several peptides including GHRP‑2, the models showed no loss of an amide group.
Peptide
GHRP-2
Outcome
No significant changeDeamidation in in vitro models
Study
humann: not reported in source
human liver microsomes, S9 fraction and serum
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Deamidation was not observed in any of the models
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The peptides that were investigated include desmopressin, TB-500, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, hexarelin, LHRH and leuprolide.
In this study, GHRP-2 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHRP-2.
Report a problemFND-2546974805
06LabNot a test of Hexarelin aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Pharmacokinetics
Across the in vitro metabolism models tested for several peptides including hexarelin, deamidation was not observed.
In plain wordsIn lab tests on several peptides including hexarelin, the models showed no loss of an amide group.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
No significant changeDeamidation in in vitro models
Study
humann: not reported in source
human liver microsomes, S9 fraction and serum
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Deamidation was not observed in any of the models
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The peptides that were investigated include desmopressin, TB-500, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, hexarelin, LHRH and leuprolide.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-2546974806

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Versions 24 to 47Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:02 UTC
The same notice was added 24 times, first on 13 Oct 2026, 21:43 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study results updated
Versions 22 to 23
13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC
The same notice was added 2 times, first on 13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Versions 4 to 21
13 Oct 2026, 14:22 UTC
The same notice was added 18 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study results updated
Versions 2 to 3
9 Oct 2026, 03:13 UTC
The same notice was added 2 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

Journal Article

MeSH terms

Keywords

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