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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2014

12 results

Thymosin β4 induces invasion and migration of human colorectal cancer cells through the ILK/AKT/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Piao Z, Hong CS, Jung MR, Choi C, Park YK

Biochemical and biophysical research communications10 Sept 2014Cited by 32 (Europe PMC)

PMID25218472 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.012 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-25218472
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study12

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured3

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In colorectal cancer tissues, Tβ4 was significantly overexpressed compared with adjacent normal tissues.

    In plain wordsThe body's own Tβ4 was higher in bowel cancer tissue than in nearby normal tissue.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseTβ4 expression in colorectal cancer tissue versus adjacent normal tissue
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    colorectal cancer tissues
    Comparator
    Adjacent normal tissue
    Outcome group
    Tumor growth · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4 was significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In colorectal cancer tissues, high levels of Tβ4 were correlated with stage of colorectal cancer.

    In plain wordsHigher levels of the body's own Tβ4 were linked to the stage of bowel cancer.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableTβ4 level and colorectal cancer stage
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    colorectal cancer tissues
    Outcome group
    Tumor growth · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    high levels of Tβ4 were correlated with stage of colorectal cancer, and that Tβ4 expression was associated with morphogenesis and EMT.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyMechanism

    In colorectal cancer tissues, Tβ4 expression was associated with morphogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

    In plain wordsThe body's own Tβ4 expression was linked to tissue shaping and cell change (EMT) processes in bowel cancer tissue.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableTβ4 expression association with morphogenesis and EMT
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    colorectal cancer tissues
    Outcome group
    Tumor growth · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4 expression was associated with morphogenesis and EMT.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone9

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  1. 04LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In human colorectal cancer cells, upregulated Tβ4 expression increased adhesion.

    In plain wordsIn bowel cancer cells in a dish, raising the cells' own Tβ4 made them stick more.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseAdhesion of Tβ4-upregulated cells
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    human colorectal cancer cells
    Outcome group
    Tumor growth · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4-upregulated cancer cells showed increased adhesion, invasion and migration activity, whereas Tβ4-downregulated cells showed decreased activities.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  2. 05LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In human colorectal cancer cells, upregulated Tβ4 expression increased invasion.

    In plain wordsIn bowel cancer cells in a dish, raising the cells' own Tβ4 made them invade more.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseInvasion of Tβ4-upregulated cells
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    human colorectal cancer cells
    Outcome group
    Tumor growth · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4-upregulated cancer cells showed increased adhesion, invasion and migration activity, whereas Tβ4-downregulated cells showed decreased activities.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  3. 06LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In human colorectal cancer cells, upregulated Tβ4 expression increased migration.

    In plain wordsIn bowel cancer cells in a dish, raising the cells' own Tβ4 made them move more.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseMigration of Tβ4-upregulated cells
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    human colorectal cancer cells
    Outcome group
    Tumor growth · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4-upregulated cancer cells showed increased adhesion, invasion and migration activity, whereas Tβ4-downregulated cells showed decreased activities.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  4. 07LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In human colorectal cancer cells, downregulated Tβ4 expression decreased adhesion, invasion and migration.

    In plain wordsIn bowel cancer cells in a dish, lowering the cells' own Tβ4 made them stick, invade and move less.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseAdhesion, invasion and migration of Tβ4-downregulated cells
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    human colorectal cancer cells
    Outcome group
    Tumor growth · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4-upregulated cancer cells showed increased adhesion, invasion and migration activity, whereas Tβ4-downregulated cells showed decreased activities.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  5. 08LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In human colorectal cancer cells, Tβ4 interacted with ILK.

    In plain wordsIn bowel cancer cells in a dish, Tβ4 was found to bind to the protein ILK.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableTβ4 interaction with ILK
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    human colorectal cancer cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We also demonstrated that Tβ4 interacts with ILK, which promoted the phosphorylation and activation of AKT, the phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK3β, the expression and nuclear localization of β-catenin, and integrin receptor activation.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  6. 09LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In human colorectal cancer cells, the Tβ4-ILK interaction promoted phosphorylation and activation of AKT.

    In plain wordsIn bowel cancer cells in a dish, Tβ4 acting through ILK switched on the signal protein AKT.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseAKT phosphorylation and activation
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    human colorectal cancer cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We also demonstrated that Tβ4 interacts with ILK, which promoted the phosphorylation and activation of AKT, the phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK3β, the expression and nuclear localization of β-catenin, and integrin receptor activation.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  7. 10LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In human colorectal cancer cells, the Tβ4-ILK interaction promoted phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK3β.

    In plain wordsIn bowel cancer cells in a dish, Tβ4 acting through ILK switched off the protein GSK3β.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseGSK3β phosphorylation and inactivation
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    human colorectal cancer cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We also demonstrated that Tβ4 interacts with ILK, which promoted the phosphorylation and activation of AKT, the phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK3β, the expression and nuclear localization of β-catenin, and integrin receptor activation.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  8. 11LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In human colorectal cancer cells, the Tβ4-ILK interaction promoted the expression and nuclear localization of β-catenin.

    In plain wordsIn bowel cancer cells in a dish, Tβ4 acting through ILK raised β-catenin and moved it into the cell nucleus.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Increaseβ-catenin expression and nuclear localization
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    human colorectal cancer cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We also demonstrated that Tβ4 interacts with ILK, which promoted the phosphorylation and activation of AKT, the phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK3β, the expression and nuclear localization of β-catenin, and integrin receptor activation.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  9. 12LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In human colorectal cancer cells, the Tβ4-ILK interaction promoted integrin receptor activation.

    In plain wordsIn bowel cancer cells in a dish, Tβ4 acting through ILK switched on integrin receptors.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseIntegrin receptor activation
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    human colorectal cancer cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We also demonstrated that Tβ4 interacts with ILK, which promoted the phosphorylation and activation of AKT, the phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK3β, the expression and nuclear localization of β-catenin, and integrin receptor activation.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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