Controlled release of thymosin beta 4 using a collagen-chitosan sponge scaffold augments cutaneous wound healing and increases angiogenesis in diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia.

Ti D, Hao H, Xia L, Tong C, Liu J, Dong L, Xu S, Zhao Y, Liu H, Fu X, Han W

Tissue engineering. Part A14 Oct 2014Cited by 35 (Europe PMC)

PMID25204972DOI10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0750PepBankPUB-25204972

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study11

3 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01LabIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement
In high glucose-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Tβ4 increased migratory activity.
In plain wordsIn cells, Tβ4 increased the movement of blood vessel cells exposed to high glucose.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseHUVEC migration under high glucose
Study
humann: not reported in source
High glucose-treated HUVECs
Outcome group
Wound healing · Skin and wound
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro, Tβ4 increased the migratory and proliferative activity of high glucose (HG)-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study investigates the possible use of a collagen-chitosan sponge scaffold encapsulated with thymosin beta 4 (CCSS-eTβ4), an angiogenic factor, to accelerate cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia.
Report a problemFND-2520497209
02LabIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement
In high glucose-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Tβ4 increased proliferative activity.
In plain wordsIn cells, Tβ4 increased the growth of blood vessel cells exposed to high glucose.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseHUVEC proliferation under high glucose
Study
humann: not reported in source
High glucose-treated HUVECs
Outcome group
Wound healing · Skin and wound
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro, Tβ4 increased the migratory and proliferative activity of high glucose (HG)-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study investigates the possible use of a collagen-chitosan sponge scaffold encapsulated with thymosin beta 4 (CCSS-eTβ4), an angiogenic factor, to accelerate cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia.
Report a problemFND-2520497210
03LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In high glucose-treated HUVECs, Tβ4 promoted migration and improved angiogenesis through activation of the VEGF/AKT pathway.
In plain wordsIn cells, Tβ4 helped blood vessel cells move and form vessels by switching on the VEGF/AKT pathway.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseVEGF/AKT pathway activation
Study
humann: not reported in source
High glucose-treated HUVECs
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Skin and wound
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Meanwhile, we found that Tβ4 could promote HG-treated HUVECs migration and improve angiogenesis by activation of the VEGF/AKT pathway.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study investigates the possible use of a collagen-chitosan sponge scaffold encapsulated with thymosin beta 4 (CCSS-eTβ4), an angiogenic factor, to accelerate cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia.
Report a problemFND-2520497211

Studies that did not test the peptide alone8

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

04AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia, the Tβ4 scaffold improved cutaneous wound healing with faster wound reepithelialization.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats with poor limb blood flow, a sponge that slowly releases Tβ4 sped up skin regrowth over wounds.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseWound reepithelialization
Study
ratn: not reported in source
STZ-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia
Outcome group
Wound healing · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
In vivo, CCSSs-eTβ4 improved diabetic cutaneous wound healing, with faster wound reepithelialization, better dermal reorganization, and higher wound vascularization.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study investigates the possible use of a collagen-chitosan sponge scaffold encapsulated with thymosin beta 4 (CCSS-eTβ4), an angiogenic factor, to accelerate cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2520497202
05AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia, the Tβ4 scaffold improved cutaneous wound healing with better dermal reorganization.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats with poor limb blood flow, a sponge that slowly releases Tβ4 improved the rebuilding of the deeper skin layer.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseDermal reorganization
Study
ratn: not reported in source
STZ-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia
Outcome group
Wound healing · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
In vivo, CCSSs-eTβ4 improved diabetic cutaneous wound healing, with faster wound reepithelialization, better dermal reorganization, and higher wound vascularization.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study investigates the possible use of a collagen-chitosan sponge scaffold encapsulated with thymosin beta 4 (CCSS-eTβ4), an angiogenic factor, to accelerate cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2520497203
06AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia, the Tβ4 scaffold improved cutaneous wound healing with higher wound vascularization.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats with poor limb blood flow, a sponge that slowly releases Tβ4 increased blood vessels in wounds.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseWound vascularization
Study
ratn: not reported in source
STZ-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia
Outcome group
Wound healing · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
In vivo, CCSSs-eTβ4 improved diabetic cutaneous wound healing, with faster wound reepithelialization, better dermal reorganization, and higher wound vascularization.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study investigates the possible use of a collagen-chitosan sponge scaffold encapsulated with thymosin beta 4 (CCSS-eTβ4), an angiogenic factor, to accelerate cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2520497204
07AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic rats, the Tβ4 scaffold downregulated inflammatory genes in wound tissue.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, a sponge that slowly releases Tβ4 turned down inflammation genes in wound tissue.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseInflammatory gene expression in wound tissue
Study
ratn: not reported in source
STZ-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
Furthermore, CCSSs-eTβ4 downregulated inflammatory genes and upregulated angiogenic genes in the wound tissue.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study investigates the possible use of a collagen-chitosan sponge scaffold encapsulated with thymosin beta 4 (CCSS-eTβ4), an angiogenic factor, to accelerate cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2520497205
08AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic rats, the Tβ4 scaffold upregulated angiogenic genes in wound tissue.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, a sponge that slowly releases Tβ4 turned up genes for blood vessel growth in wound tissue.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseAngiogenic gene expression in wound tissue
Study
ratn: not reported in source
STZ-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia
Outcome group
Wound healing · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
Furthermore, CCSSs-eTβ4 downregulated inflammatory genes and upregulated angiogenic genes in the wound tissue.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study investigates the possible use of a collagen-chitosan sponge scaffold encapsulated with thymosin beta 4 (CCSS-eTβ4), an angiogenic factor, to accelerate cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2520497206
09AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic rats, the Tβ4 scaffold significantly increased CD31-positive endothelial cells in wound tissue.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, a sponge that slowly releases Tβ4 clearly increased CD31-positive blood vessel lining cells in wounds.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseCD31-positive endothelial cells in wound
Study
ratn: not reported in source
STZ-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia
Outcome group
Wound healing · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
Significant increases in CD31-positive endothelial cells and new vessel density were also observed.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study investigates the possible use of a collagen-chitosan sponge scaffold encapsulated with thymosin beta 4 (CCSS-eTβ4), an angiogenic factor, to accelerate cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2520497207
10AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic rats, the Tβ4 scaffold significantly increased new vessel density in wound tissue.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, a sponge that slowly releases Tβ4 clearly increased the density of new blood vessels in wounds.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseNew vessel density in wound
Study
ratn: not reported in source
STZ-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia
Outcome group
Wound healing · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
Significant increases in CD31-positive endothelial cells and new vessel density were also observed.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study investigates the possible use of a collagen-chitosan sponge scaffold encapsulated with thymosin beta 4 (CCSS-eTβ4), an angiogenic factor, to accelerate cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2520497208
11LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Pharmacokinetics
The collagen-chitosan scaffold released Tβ4 in a controlled way, giving localized and prolonged effects over 12 days by ELISA.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, the scaffold released Tβ4 slowly over 12 days.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableControlled release of Tβ4 from scaffold
Study
n: not reported in source
Collagen-chitosan sponge scaffold
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
The controlled release of Tβ4 from the scaffolds elicited localized and prolonged effects over 12 days, as shown by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study investigates the possible use of a collagen-chitosan sponge scaffold encapsulated with thymosin beta 4 (CCSS-eTβ4), an angiogenic factor, to accelerate cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2520497201

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.

Controlled release of thymosin beta 4 using a collagen-chitosan sponge scaffold augments cutaneous wound healing and increases angiogenesis in diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia.

Summary

Results from this study11

Studies that did not test the peptide alone8

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms