Depletion of thymosin β4 promotes the proliferation, migration, and activation of human hepatic stellate cells.

Xiao Y, Qu C, Ge W, Wang B, Wu J, Xu L, Chen Y

Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology11 Jul 2014Cited by 36 (Europe PMC)

PMID25060912DOI10.1159/000363005PepBankPUB-25060912

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Jump to 6 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured1

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01LabEndogenous levelEx vivo tissueMechanism
Expression of the body's own Tβ4 was significantly reduced during the progression of liver fibrosis.
In plain wordsThe body's own Tβ4 levels fell as liver fibrosis got worse.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTβ4 expression during liver fibrosis progression
Study
n: not reported in source
serum and liver tissue in liver fibrosis
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
The expression of Tβ4 was significantly reduced during the progression of liver fibrosis.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, and western blot assays were utilized to determine the expression levels of Tβ4 in serum, liver tissues, and LX-2 cells.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2506091201

Studies that did not test the peptide alone5

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

02LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells, siRNA depletion of Tβ4 significantly promoted proliferation through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
In plain wordsIn lab-grown liver cells, removing the cells' own Tβ4 made the cells multiply more.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseLX-2 cell proliferation after Tβ4 depletion
Study
humann: not reported in source
LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
The depletion of Tβ4 significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of LX-2 cells via the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Tβ4 was depleted in LX-2 cells using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2506091202
03LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells, siRNA depletion of Tβ4 significantly promoted migration through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
In plain wordsIn lab-grown liver cells, removing the cells' own Tβ4 made the cells move more.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseLX-2 cell migration after Tβ4 depletion
Study
humann: not reported in source
LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
The depletion of Tβ4 significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of LX-2 cells via the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Tβ4 was depleted in LX-2 cells using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2506091203
04LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In LX-2 cells with Tβ4 depletion, the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 counteracted the increase in migration and proliferation.
In plain wordsIn lab-grown liver cells lacking Tβ4, a drug that blocks Akt reversed the extra cell movement and multiplying.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseEffect of Akt inhibitor MK-2206 on proliferation and migration after Tβ4 depletion
Study
humann: not reported in source
LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
The pro-migratory and pro-proliferative effects of Tβ4 depletion in LX-2 cells can be counteracted by treatment with the Akt inhibitor MK-2206.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Tβ4 was depleted in LX-2 cells using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2506091204
05LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In LX-2 cells, Tβ4 depletion was associated with enhanced expression of α-smooth muscle actin, a marker of stellate cell activation.
In plain wordsIn lab-grown liver cells, removing the cells' own Tβ4 was linked to more of an activation marker, α-SMA.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Increaseα-SMA expression after Tβ4 depletion
Study
humann: not reported in source
LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
In addition, Tβ4 depletion was also associated with the activation of HSCs via the enhanced expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Tβ4 was depleted in LX-2 cells using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2506091205
06LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In LX-2 cells, Tβ4 depletion was associated with enhanced expression of vimentin, a marker of stellate cell activation.
In plain wordsIn lab-grown liver cells, removing the cells' own Tβ4 was linked to more of an activation marker, vimentin.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseVimentin expression after Tβ4 depletion
Study
humann: not reported in source
LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
In addition, Tβ4 depletion was also associated with the activation of HSCs via the enhanced expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Tβ4 was depleted in LX-2 cells using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2506091206

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.