Exendin-4 alleviates retinal vascular leakage by protecting the blood-retinal barrier and reducing retinal vascular permeability in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.

Fan Y, Liu K, Wang Q, Ruan Y, Ye W, Zhang Y

Experimental eye research6 Jun 2014Cited by 60 (Europe PMC)

PMID24910901DOI10.1016/j.exer.2014.05.004PepBankPUB-24910901

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic rats, exendin‑4 inhibited the reduction in ERG b-wave amplitude.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, exendin‑4 limited retinal b-wave loss compared with vehicle.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseERG b-wave amplitude
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats
Comparator
Vehicle
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Studied dose
0.1 μg/2 μL/eye · intravitrealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The results revealed that E4 significantly inhibited the reductions in electroretinogram (ERG) amplitudes in the GK rats, particularly in the b-wave and oscillatory potentials (OPs).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To test this hypothesis, E4 (0.1 μg/2 μL/eye) or vehicle were intravitreally injected into diabetic Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats and control animals.
Report a problemFND-2491090101
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic rats, exendin‑4 inhibited the reduction in ERG oscillatory potentials.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, exendin‑4 limited retinal oscillatory response loss compared with vehicle.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseERG oscillatory potentials
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats
Comparator
Vehicle
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Studied dose
0.1 μg/2 μL/eye · intravitrealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The results revealed that E4 significantly inhibited the reductions in electroretinogram (ERG) amplitudes in the GK rats, particularly in the b-wave and oscillatory potentials (OPs).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To test this hypothesis, E4 (0.1 μg/2 μL/eye) or vehicle were intravitreally injected into diabetic Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats and control animals.
Report a problemFND-2491090102
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic rats, exendin‑4 increased retinal GLP-1R expression.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, exendin‑4 increased retinal GLP-1 receptor expression compared with vehicle.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseRetinal GLP-1R expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats
Comparator
Vehicle
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Eye
Studied dose
0.1 μg/2 μL/eye · intravitrealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
E4 upregulated retinal GLP-1R expression and downregulated the expressions of placental growth factor (PLGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via the ERK and AKT/PKB pathways.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To test this hypothesis, E4 (0.1 μg/2 μL/eye) or vehicle were intravitreally injected into diabetic Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats and control animals.
Report a problemFND-2491090103
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic rats, exendin‑4 reduced retinal PLGF expression via ERK and AKT/PKB pathways.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, exendin‑4 reduced retinal PLGF expression compared with vehicle.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseRetinal PLGF expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats
Comparator
Vehicle
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Eye
Studied dose
0.1 μg/2 μL/eye · intravitrealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
E4 upregulated retinal GLP-1R expression and downregulated the expressions of placental growth factor (PLGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via the ERK and AKT/PKB pathways.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To test this hypothesis, E4 (0.1 μg/2 μL/eye) or vehicle were intravitreally injected into diabetic Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats and control animals.
Report a problemFND-2491090104
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic rats, exendin‑4 reduced retinal VEGF expression via ERK and AKT/PKB pathways.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, exendin‑4 reduced retinal VEGF expression compared with vehicle.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseRetinal VEGF expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats
Comparator
Vehicle
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Eye
Studied dose
0.1 μg/2 μL/eye · intravitrealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
E4 upregulated retinal GLP-1R expression and downregulated the expressions of placental growth factor (PLGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via the ERK and AKT/PKB pathways.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To test this hypothesis, E4 (0.1 μg/2 μL/eye) or vehicle were intravitreally injected into diabetic Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats and control animals.
Report a problemFND-2491090105
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic rats, exendin‑4 inhibited the decline in claudin-5 expression.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, exendin‑4 limited claudin-5 loss compared with vehicle.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseClaudin-5 expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats
Comparator
Vehicle
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Eye
Studied dose
0.1 μg/2 μL/eye · intravitrealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Decreases in tight junction protein (i.e., claudin-5 and occludin) expression and increases in Evans blue permeation (EBP) were inhibited by E4.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To test this hypothesis, E4 (0.1 μg/2 μL/eye) or vehicle were intravitreally injected into diabetic Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats and control animals.
Report a problemFND-2491090106
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic rats, exendin‑4 inhibited the decline in occludin expression.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, exendin‑4 limited occludin loss compared with vehicle.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseOccludin expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats
Comparator
Vehicle
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Eye
Studied dose
0.1 μg/2 μL/eye · intravitrealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Decreases in tight junction protein (i.e., claudin-5 and occludin) expression and increases in Evans blue permeation (EBP) were inhibited by E4.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To test this hypothesis, E4 (0.1 μg/2 μL/eye) or vehicle were intravitreally injected into diabetic Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats and control animals.
Report a problemFND-2491090107
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic rats, exendin‑4 inhibited the increase in Evans blue permeation.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, exendin‑4 limited retinal dye leakage compared with vehicle.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseEvans blue permeation
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats
Comparator
Vehicle
Outcome group
Vascular function · Eye
Studied dose
0.1 μg/2 μL/eye · intravitrealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Decreases in tight junction protein (i.e., claudin-5 and occludin) expression and increases in Evans blue permeation (EBP) were inhibited by E4.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To test this hypothesis, E4 (0.1 μg/2 μL/eye) or vehicle were intravitreally injected into diabetic Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats and control animals.
Report a problemFND-2491090108
09LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In primary rat Müller cells under high glucose, exendin‑4 produced similar protective results without outcome-specific details.
In plain wordsIn cells from rats, exendin‑4 produced similar protective responses under high glucose, without detailed individual results.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Direction not reportedCellular protective responses
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Primary Müller cells in high glucose culture
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Similar results were also found in primary rat Müller cells in high glucose concentration cultures in vitro.
Report a problemFND-2491090109

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Version history

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Version 2Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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Exendin-4 alleviates retinal vascular leakage by protecting the blood-retinal barrier and reducing retinal vascular permeability in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.

Summary

Results from this study9

Version history

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