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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2014

1 result

Evaluation of global differential gene and protein expression in primary Pterygium: S100A8 and S100A9 as possible drivers of a signaling network.

Hou A, Lan W, Law KP, Khoo SC, Tin MQ, Lim YP, Tong L

PloS one13 May 2014Cited by 26 (Europe PMC)

PMID24825356 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC4019582 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0097402 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-24825356
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Summary

PurposePterygium is a wing shaped fibrovascular growth on the ocular surface, characterized by fibrosis, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and inflammatory infiltrates. Epidemiologic studies have linked pterygium formation to various chronic inflammatory conditions, such as ultraviolet radiation, sawdust exposure, and dry eye disease. The purpose of this study is to identify proteins that are differentially expressed in primary pterygium by using a combination of gene microarray and proteomic platforms.MethodsPaired pterygium and uninvolved conjunctiva tissues of four patients were evaluated for differences in global gene transcript levels using a genechip microarray. Proteins extracted from another four pairs of tissues were quantified by iTRAQ approach. Western blot and immunofluorescent staining on additional patients were used to validate dysregulated protein expression obtained from microarray and proteomics data. In addition, primary conjunctival fibroblasts were treated with recombinant S100A8, S100A9 or both. Transcript level changes of a panel of potential target genes were evaluated by real time-PCR.ResultsThe following were up-regulated at both protein and transcript levels S100 A8 and A9, aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member1 (ALDH3A1) and vimentin (VIM). Conversely, serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1 (SERPINA1) and transferrin (TF) were down-regulated. Upon adding S100A8, S100A9 or both, the inflammatory chemokine CXCL1, matrix proteins vimentin, biglycan, and gelsolin, as well as annexin-A2, thymosin-β4, chymase (CMA1), member of Ras oncogene family RAB10 and SERPINA1 were found to be up-regulated.ConclusionsWe identified 3 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated proteins by using a stringent approach comparing microarray and proteomic data. On stimulating cells with S100A8/9, a repertoire of key genes found to be up-regulated in pterygium tissue, were induced in these cells. S100A8/9 may be an upstream trigger for inflammation and other disease pathways in pterygium.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study1

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured1

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In primary conjunctival fibroblasts, treatment with S100A8, S100A9 or both up-regulated thymosin-β4 expression, among many other genes.

    In plain wordsIn lab-grown eye cells, S100A8 and S100A9 raised the cells' own thymosin-β4 expression, among many other genes.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseThymosin-β4 expression after S100A8/S100A9 treatment
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    primary conjunctival fibroblasts
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Eye

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Upon adding S100A8, S100A9 or both, the inflammatory chemokine CXCL1, matrix proteins vimentin, biglycan, and gelsolin, as well as annexin-A2, thymosin-β4, chymase (CMA1), member of Ras oncogene family RAB10 and SERPINA1 were found to be up-regulated.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In addition, primary conjunctival fibroblasts were treated with recombinant S100A8, S100A9 or both.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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