Thymosin β 4 gene silencing decreases stemness and invasiveness in glioblastoma.

Wirsching HG, Krishnan S, Florea AM, Frei K, Krayenbühl N, Hasenbach K, Reifenberger G, Weller M, Tabatabai G, Tabatabai G

Brain : a journal of neurology18 Dec 2013Cited by 47 (Europe PMC)

PMID24355709DOI10.1093/brain/awt333PepBankPUB-24355709

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Jump to 9 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured1

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyMechanism
Tβ4 expression increased with grade of malignancy in gliomas.
In plain wordsIn glioma tissue, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 was higher in more malignant tumors.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseTβ4 expression by glioma grade
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin beta 4 expression increased with grade of malignancy in gliomas.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated thymosin beta 4 expression in seven established glioma cell lines and seven glioma-initiating cell lines
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2435570901

Studies that did not test the peptide alone8

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

02AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
Tβ4 gene silencing in glioma cells enhanced survival of glioma-bearing mice.
In plain wordsIn mice with glioma, silencing the thymosin beta‑4 gene in the tumor cells lengthened survival.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseSurvival of glioma-bearing mice after Tβ4 silencing
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Outcome group
Mortality · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
enhanced survival of glioma-bearing mice.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated thymosin beta 4 expression in seven established glioma cell lines and seven glioma-initiating cell lines
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2435570905
03AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
Tβ4 gene silencing in GS-2 cells decreased tumorigenicity in vivo.
In plain wordsIn mice, silencing the thymosin beta‑4 gene in glioma-initiating cells lowered tumor formation.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTumorigenicity after Tβ4 silencing
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin beta 4 gene silencing in GS-2 cells inhibited self-renewal and promoted differentiation in vitro and decreased tumorigenicity in vivo.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated thymosin beta 4 expression in seven established glioma cell lines and seven glioma-initiating cell lines
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2435570908
04LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
Tβ4 gene silencing in LNT-229 and U87MG glioma cells inhibited migration.
In plain wordsIn cells, switching off the thymosin beta‑4 gene reduced glioma cell movement.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseGlioma cell migration after Tβ4 silencing
Study
n: not reported in source
LNT-229 and U87MG glioma cells
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin beta 4 gene silencing in LNT-229 and U87MG glioma cells inhibited migration
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated thymosin beta 4 expression in seven established glioma cell lines and seven glioma-initiating cell lines
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2435570902
05LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
Tβ4 gene silencing in LNT-229 and U87MG glioma cells inhibited invasion.
In plain wordsIn cells, switching off the thymosin beta‑4 gene reduced glioma cell invasion.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseGlioma cell invasion after Tβ4 silencing
Study
n: not reported in source
LNT-229 and U87MG glioma cells
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin beta 4 gene silencing in LNT-229 and U87MG glioma cells inhibited migration and invasion
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated thymosin beta 4 expression in seven established glioma cell lines and seven glioma-initiating cell lines
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2435570903
06LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
Tβ4 gene silencing in LNT-229 and U87MG glioma cells promoted starvation-induced cell death in vitro.
In plain wordsIn cells, switching off the thymosin beta‑4 gene increased glioma cell death under starvation.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseStarvation-induced cell death after Tβ4 silencing
Study
n: not reported in source
LNT-229 and U87MG glioma cells
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin beta 4 gene silencing in LNT-229 and U87MG glioma cells inhibited migration and invasion, promoted starvation-induced cell death in vitro
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated thymosin beta 4 expression in seven established glioma cell lines and seven glioma-initiating cell lines
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2435570904
07LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
Tβ4 gene silencing in GS-2 cells inhibited self-renewal in vitro.
In plain wordsIn cells, switching off the thymosin beta‑4 gene reduced self-renewal of glioma-initiating cells.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseSelf-renewal after Tβ4 silencing
Study
n: not reported in source
GS-2 glioma-initiating cells
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin beta 4 gene silencing in GS-2 cells inhibited self-renewal and promoted differentiation in vitro and decreased tumorigenicity in vivo.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated thymosin beta 4 expression in seven established glioma cell lines and seven glioma-initiating cell lines
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2435570906
08LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
Tβ4 gene silencing in GS-2 cells promoted differentiation in vitro.
In plain wordsIn cells, switching off the thymosin beta‑4 gene increased differentiation of glioma-initiating cells.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseDifferentiation after Tβ4 silencing
Study
n: not reported in source
GS-2 glioma-initiating cells
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin beta 4 gene silencing in GS-2 cells inhibited self-renewal and promoted differentiation in vitro and decreased tumorigenicity in vivo.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated thymosin beta 4 expression in seven established glioma cell lines and seven glioma-initiating cell lines
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2435570907
09LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Gene expression analysis suggested Tβ4-dependent regulation of mesenchymal signature genes and modulation of TGFβ and p53 signalling networks.
In plain wordsIn cells, gene analysis suggested thymosin beta‑4 affects mesenchymal genes and TGFβ and p53 signalling.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
MixedGene expression and signalling after Tβ4 silencing
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Gene expression analysis suggested a thymosin beta 4-dependent regulation of mesenchymal signature genes and modulation of TGFβ and p53 signalling networks.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated thymosin beta 4 expression in seven established glioma cell lines and seven glioma-initiating cell lines
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2435570909

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.