Skip to content

Study · Ex vivo tissue · 2014

6 results

Targeting mitochondrial cardiolipin and the cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex to promote electron transport and optimize mitochondrial ATP synthesis.

Birk AV, Chao WM, Bracken C, Warren JD, Szeto HH

British journal of pharmacology1 Apr 2014Cited by 267 (Europe PMC)

PMID24134698 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC3976619 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1111/bph.12468 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-24134698
Source linkPubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 6 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01LabEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In isolated mitochondrial preparations, SS‑31 restored mitochondrial oxygen consumption in the presence of added cardiolipin.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests with isolated mitochondria, SS‑31 restored oxygen use that added cardiolipin had impaired.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseMitochondrial oxygen consumption with added cardiolipin
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Isolated mitoplasts and mitochondria
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    mitochondrial oxygen consumption in the presence of added cardiolipin.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Effects of cardiolipin on electron transfer kinetics of cytochrome c were determined by cytochrome c reduction in vitro and oxygen consumption using mitoplasts, frozen and fresh mitochondria.
    Summary · context
    Interactions of SS-31 with cardiolipin were studied using liposomes and bicelles containing phosphatidylcholine alone or with cardiolipin.
  2. 02LabEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In fresh isolated mitochondria, SS‑31 increased state 3 respiration.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests with fresh isolated mitochondria, SS‑31 increased their active energy-making respiration.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseState 3 respiration in fresh mitochondria
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Fresh isolated mitochondria
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In fresh mitochondria, SS-31 increased state 3 respiration and efficiency of ATP synthesis.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Interactions of SS-31 with cardiolipin were studied using liposomes and bicelles containing phosphatidylcholine alone or with cardiolipin.
  3. 03LabEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In fresh isolated mitochondria, SS‑31 increased the efficiency of ATP synthesis.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests with fresh isolated mitochondria, SS‑31 made energy (ATP) production more efficient.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseEfficiency of ATP synthesis in fresh mitochondria
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Fresh isolated mitochondria
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In fresh mitochondria, SS-31 increased state 3 respiration and efficiency of ATP synthesis.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Interactions of SS-31 with cardiolipin were studied using liposomes and bicelles containing phosphatidylcholine alone or with cardiolipin.
  4. 04LabIn vitro (cell-free)Activity measurement

    In liposomes and bicelles, SS‑31 interacted only with membranes that contained cardiolipin, in about a 1:1 ratio.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests with artificial membranes, SS‑31 bound only to membranes that contained cardiolipin.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    Not applicableInteraction with cardiolipin-containing liposomes and bicelles
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 interacted only with liposomes and bicelles containing cardiolipin in about 1:1 ratio.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Interactions of SS-31 with cardiolipin were studied using liposomes and bicelles containing phosphatidylcholine alone or with cardiolipin.
  5. 05LabIn vitro (cell-free)Mechanism

    By NMR, the aromatic residues of SS‑31 penetrated deep into cardiolipin-containing bilayers.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, parts of SS‑31 went deep into membranes that contain cardiolipin.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    Not applicablePenetration of SS-31 into cardiolipin bilayers (NMR)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    NMR studies demonstrated that the aromatic residues of SS-31 penetrated deep into cardiolipin-containing bilayers.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Structural interactions were assessed by fluorescence spectroscopy, turbidity and nuclear magnetic resonance.
    Summary · context
    Interactions of SS-31 with cardiolipin were studied using liposomes and bicelles containing phosphatidylcholine alone or with cardiolipin.
  6. 06LabIn vitro (cell-free)Mechanism

    In vitro, SS‑31 restored cytochrome c reduction in the presence of added cardiolipin.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, SS‑31 restored a key electron-transfer step of cytochrome c that cardiolipin had impaired.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseCytochrome c reduction with added cardiolipin
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 restored cytochrome c reduction
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Effects of cardiolipin on electron transfer kinetics of cytochrome c were determined by cytochrome c reduction in vitro and oxygen consumption using mitoplasts, frozen and fresh mitochondria.
    Summary · context
    Interactions of SS-31 with cardiolipin were studied using liposomes and bicelles containing phosphatidylcholine alone or with cardiolipin.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.