Skip to content

Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2013

9 results

Regulation of PTEN/Akt pathway enhances cardiomyogenesis and attenuates adverse left ventricular remodeling following thymosin β4 Overexpressing embryonic stem cell transplantation in the infarcted heart.

Yan B, Singla RD, Abdelli LS, Singal PK, Singla DK

PloS one24 Sept 2013Cited by 23 (Europe PMC)

PMID24086577 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC3782449 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0075580 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-24086577
Download PDFPubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 9 results

Summary

Thymosin β4 (Tβ4), a small G-actin sequestering peptide, mediates cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Whether embryonic stem (ES) cells, overexpressing Tβ4, readily differentiate into cardiac myocytes in vitro and in vivo and enhance cardioprotection following transplantation post myocardial infarction (MI) remains unknown. Accordingly, we established stable mouse ES cell lines, RFP-ESCs and Tβ4-ESCs, expressing RFP and an RFP-Tβ4 fusion protein, respectively. In vitro, the number of spontaneously beating embryoid bodies (EBs) was significantly increased in Tβ4-ESCs at day 9, 12 and 15, compared with RFP-ESCs. Enhanced expression of cardiac transcriptional factors GATA-4, Mef2c and Txb6 in Tβ4-EBs, as confirmed with real time-PCR analysis, was accompanied by the increased number of EB areas stained positive for sarcomeric α-actin in Tβ4-EBs, compared with the RFP control, suggesting a significant increase in functional cardiac myocytes. Furthermore, we transplanted Tβ4-ESCs into the infarcted mouse heart and performed morphological and functional analysis 2 weeks after MI. There was a significant increase in newly formed cardiac myocytes associated with the Notch pathway, a decrease in apoptotic nuclei mediated by an increase in Akt and a decrease in levels of PTEN. Cardiac fibrosis was significantly reduced, and left ventricular function was significantly augmented in the Tβ4-ESC transplanted group, compared with controls. It is concluded that genetically modified Tβ4-ESCs, potentiates their ability to turn into cardiac myocytes in vitro as well as in vivo. Moreover, we also demonstrate that there was a significant decrease in both cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis, thus improving cardiac function in the infarcted heart.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study9

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone9

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  1. 01AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with myocardial infarction, transplanted Tβ4-ESCs significantly increased newly formed cardiac myocytes, associated with the Notch pathway.

    In plain wordsIn mice with a heart attack, transplanted Tβ4-engineered stem cells led to more new heart muscle cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseNewly formed cardiac myocytes
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    mouse model of myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    There was a significant increase in newly formed cardiac myocytes associated with the Notch pathway
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Furthermore, we transplanted Tβ4-ESCs into the infarcted mouse heart and performed morphological and functional analysis 2 weeks after MI.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  2. 02AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with myocardial infarction, transplanted Tβ4-ESCs significantly decreased apoptotic nuclei in the heart.

    In plain wordsIn mice with a heart attack, transplanted Tβ4-engineered stem cells led to fewer dying cells in the heart.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseApoptotic nuclei in the infarcted heart
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    mouse model of myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    a decrease in apoptotic nuclei mediated by an increase in Akt and a decrease in levels of PTEN.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Furthermore, we transplanted Tβ4-ESCs into the infarcted mouse heart and performed morphological and functional analysis 2 weeks after MI.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  3. 03AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with myocardial infarction, transplanted Tβ4-ESCs increased Akt in the heart.

    In plain wordsIn mice with a heart attack, transplanted Tβ4-engineered stem cells raised levels of the survival protein Akt in the heart.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseAkt level in the infarcted heart
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    mouse model of myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    an increase in Akt and a decrease in levels of PTEN.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Furthermore, we transplanted Tβ4-ESCs into the infarcted mouse heart and performed morphological and functional analysis 2 weeks after MI.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  4. 04AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with myocardial infarction, transplanted Tβ4-ESCs decreased PTEN levels in the heart.

    In plain wordsIn mice with a heart attack, transplanted Tβ4-engineered stem cells lowered levels of the protein PTEN in the heart.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreasePTEN level in the infarcted heart
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    mouse model of myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    an increase in Akt and a decrease in levels of PTEN.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Furthermore, we transplanted Tβ4-ESCs into the infarcted mouse heart and performed morphological and functional analysis 2 weeks after MI.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  5. 05AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with myocardial infarction, cardiac fibrosis was significantly reduced in the Tβ4-ESC transplanted group versus controls.

    In plain wordsIn mice with a heart attack, mice given Tβ4-engineered stem cells had less heart scarring than control mice.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseCardiac fibrosis
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    mouse model of myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Cardiac fibrosis was significantly reduced
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Furthermore, we transplanted Tβ4-ESCs into the infarcted mouse heart and performed morphological and functional analysis 2 weeks after MI.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  6. 06AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with myocardial infarction, left ventricular function was significantly augmented in the Tβ4-ESC transplanted group versus controls.

    In plain wordsIn mice with a heart attack, mice given Tβ4-engineered stem cells had better heart pumping function than control mice.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseLeft ventricular function
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    mouse model of myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    left ventricular function was significantly augmented in the Tβ4-ESC transplanted group, compared with controls.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Furthermore, we transplanted Tβ4-ESCs into the infarcted mouse heart and performed morphological and functional analysis 2 weeks after MI.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  7. 07LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In mouse embryonic stem cells, Tβ4 overexpression significantly increased the number of spontaneously beating embryoid bodies at days 9, 12 and 15 versus RFP controls.

    In plain wordsIn mouse stem cells, extra Tβ4 produced more beating cell clusters than control cells at days 9, 12 and 15.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSpontaneously beating embryoid bodies
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    mouse embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies
    Comparator
    RFP-ESCs
    Outcome group
    Heart repair and regeneration · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In vitro, the number of spontaneously beating embryoid bodies (EBs) was significantly increased in Tβ4-ESCs at day 9, 12 and 15, compared with RFP-ESCs.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Accordingly, we established stable mouse ES cell lines, RFP-ESCs and Tβ4-ESCs, expressing RFP and an RFP-Tβ4 fusion protein, respectively.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  8. 08LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In mouse embryonic stem cell embryoid bodies, Tβ4 overexpression enhanced expression of GATA-4, Mef2c and Txb6 versus RFP controls.

    In plain wordsIn mouse stem cells, extra Tβ4 raised the activity of three heart-development genes compared with control cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseCardiac transcription factors GATA-4, Mef2c and Txb6
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    mouse embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies
    Comparator
    RFP-ESCs
    Outcome group
    Heart repair and regeneration · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Enhanced expression of cardiac transcriptional factors GATA-4, Mef2c and Txb6 in Tβ4-EBs, as confirmed with real time-PCR analysis
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Accordingly, we established stable mouse ES cell lines, RFP-ESCs and Tβ4-ESCs, expressing RFP and an RFP-Tβ4 fusion protein, respectively.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  9. 09LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In mouse embryonic stem cell embryoid bodies, Tβ4 overexpression increased the number of areas that stained positive for sarcomeric α-actin versus RFP controls.

    In plain wordsIn mouse stem cells, extra Tβ4 gave more heart-muscle-marker stained areas than in control cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseEmbryoid body areas positive for sarcomeric α-actin
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    mouse embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies
    Comparator
    RFP-ESCs
    Outcome group
    Heart repair and regeneration · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    the increased number of EB areas stained positive for sarcomeric α-actin in Tβ4-EBs
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Accordingly, we established stable mouse ES cell lines, RFP-ESCs and Tβ4-ESCs, expressing RFP and an RFP-Tβ4 fusion protein, respectively.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.