Comparative expression and regulation of TMSB4X in male reproductive tissues of rats and chickens.

Rengaraj D, Hwang YS, Liang XH, Deng WB, Yang ZM, Han JY

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology5 Sept 2013Cited by 9 (Europe PMC)

PMID24039044DOI10.1002/jez.1820PepBankPUB-24039044

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study7

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured7

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, Tmsb4x was strongly detected in spermatogonia and spermatocytes of the testis early after birth and later in Leydig cells at sexual maturation.
In plain wordsIn rats, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 gene was active in developing sperm cells and later in Leydig cells of the testis.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableTmsb4x expression in rat testis during development
Study
ratn: not reported in source
male reproductive tissues
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Rat Tmsb4x was strongly detected in the spermatogonia and spermatocytes of testis at early postnatal development and transmitted to Leydig cells at sexual maturation.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The aim of this study was to examine the expression of rat Tmsb4x and chicken TMSB4X genes during testicular and epididymal development.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2403904401
02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, Tmsb4x expression in the epididymis was higher during postnatal development.
In plain wordsIn rats, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 gene became more active in the epididymis as the animals grew after birth.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseTmsb4x expression in rat epididymis during development
Study
ratn: not reported in source
male reproductive tissues
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Also, rat Tmsb4x was detected at an increased level in the epididymis during postnatal development.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The aim of this study was to examine the expression of rat Tmsb4x and chicken TMSB4X genes during testicular and epididymal development.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2403904402
03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In chickens, TMSB4X expression in the testis and epididymal region was lower than in the rat.
In plain wordsIn chickens, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 gene was less active in the testis and epididymis than in rats.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseChicken TMSB4X expression in testis and epididymis compared with rat
Study
chickenn: not reported in source
male reproductive tissues
Comparator
Rat expression
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
When compared to the rat, expression of the chicken TMSB4X gene was low in the testis and epididymal region, and the mRNA localization was also unexpected.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The aim of this study was to examine the expression of rat Tmsb4x and chicken TMSB4X genes during testicular and epididymal development.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2403904403
04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, Tmsb4x expression in the epididymis was significantly reduced after Leydig cell elimination with EDS.
In plain wordsIn rats, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 gene was less active in the epididymis after Leydig cells were removed with a drug.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseEpididymal Tmsb4x expression after Leydig cell elimination with EDS
Study
ratn: not reported in source
male reproductive tissues
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
The expression of Tmsb4x was significantly reduced in the epididymis of EDS-treated, and castrated rats.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Three experiments were performed to examine the regulation of rat Tmsb4x in the epididymis: after elimination of Leydig cells using ethylene dimethane sulfonate (EDS); after destruction of the testis by cryptorchidism; and after castration.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2403904404
05AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In castrated rats, Tmsb4x expression in the epididymis was significantly reduced.
In plain wordsIn rats, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 gene was less active in the epididymis after castration.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseEpididymal Tmsb4x expression after castration
Study
ratn: not reported in source
male reproductive tissues
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
The expression of Tmsb4x was significantly reduced in the epididymis of EDS-treated, and castrated rats.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Three experiments were performed to examine the regulation of rat Tmsb4x in the epididymis: after elimination of Leydig cells using ethylene dimethane sulfonate (EDS); after destruction of the testis by cryptorchidism; and after castration.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2403904405
06AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In EDS-treated and castrated rats, testosterone treatment significantly raised Tmsb4x expression in the epididymis.
In plain wordsIn rats, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 gene became more active in the epididymis after testosterone was given.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseEpididymal Tmsb4x expression after testosterone treatment
Study
ratn: not reported in source
male reproductive tissues
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
In contrast, Tmsb4x was significantly enhanced in the epididymis after testosterone treatment.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
EDS-treated and castrated rats were injected with testosterone propionate.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2403904406
07AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, Tmsb4x expression in the epididymis was regulated after cryptorchidism. The abstract gives no direction.
In plain wordsIn rats, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 gene activity in the epididymis changed after cryptorchidism. The direction is not reported.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Direction not reportedEpididymal Tmsb4x expression after cryptorchidism
Study
ratn: not reported in source
male reproductive tissues
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
The expression of rat Tmsb4x was also regulated in the epididymis after cryptorchidism.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Three experiments were performed to examine the regulation of rat Tmsb4x in the epididymis: after elimination of Leydig cells using ethylene dimethane sulfonate (EDS); after destruction of the testis by cryptorchidism; and after castration.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2403904407

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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