Skip to content

Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2013

7 results

Long-acting inhalable chitosan-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles containing hydrophobically modified exendin-4 for treating type 2 diabetes.

Lee C, Choi JS, Kim I, Oh KT, Lee ES, Park ES, Lee KC, Youn YS

International journal of nanomedicine9 Aug 2013Cited by 36 (Europe PMC)

PMID23976850 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC3746731 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.2147/ijn.s48197 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-23976850
Read at sourcePubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 7 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study7

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone7

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  1. 01AnimalNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In mice, chitosan-coated nanoparticles remained in lungs for approximately 72 hours, while most non-coated nanoparticles were lost at 8 hours.

    In plain wordsIn mice, chitosan-coated nanoparticles remained in lungs longer than non-coated nanoparticles.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseLung retention
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Pulmonary nanoparticle administration
    Comparator
    Non-coated PLGA nanoparticles
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In addition, chitosan-coated PLGA NPs remained in the lungs for ~72 hours after pulmonary administration, whereas most non-coated PLGA NPs were lost at 8 hours after administration.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Finally, the lung deposition characteristics and hypoglycemia caused by chitosan Pal-Ex4 PLGA NPs were evaluated after pulmonary administration in imprinting control region (ICR) and type 2 diabetic db/db mice.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  2. 02AnimalNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In db/db mice, inhaled chitosan Pal-Ex4 PLGA nanoparticles had 3.1-fold greater hypoglycemic efficacy than chitosan Ex4 PLGA nanoparticles.

    In plain wordsIn mice, modified exendin‑4 nanoparticles lowered blood sugar more effectively than native exendin‑4 nanoparticles.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseHypoglycemic efficacy
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Type 2 diabetic db/db mice
    Comparator
    Chitosan Ex4 PLGA nanoparticles
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Relative hypoglycemic efficacy
    3.1 fold
    versus chitosan Ex4 PLGA nanoparticles

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, the hypoglycemic efficacy of inhaled chitosan Pal-Ex4 PLGA NPs was 3.1-fold greater than that of chitosan Ex4 PLGA NPs in db/db mice.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  3. 03LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cells)Other

    In A549 cells, chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles adsorbed more than non-coated nanoparticles.

    In plain wordsIn cells, chitosan-coated nanoparticles attached more than non-coated nanoparticles.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseNanoparticle adsorption
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    A549 lung epithelial cells
    Comparator
    Non-coated PLGA nanoparticles
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Chitosan-coated PLGA NPs were adsorbed onto A549 cells much more so than non-coated PLGA NPs.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The surface morphology, particle size, and zeta potential of chitosan Pal-Ex4 PLGA NPs were investigated, and the adsorption and cytotoxicity of chitosan Pal-Ex4 PLGA NPs were evaluated in human lung epithelial cells (A549).

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  4. 04LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    In formulation tests, chitosan Pal-Ex4 PLGA nanoparticles were spherical and compact.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, modified exendin‑4 nanoparticles were spherical and compact.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Not applicableParticle morphology
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Chitosan Pal-Ex4 PLGA nanoparticles
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Results showed that chitosan Pal-Ex4 PLGA NPs were spherical, compact and had a diameter of ~700 nm and a positive surface charge of +28.5 mV

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  5. 05LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    In formulation tests, chitosan Pal-Ex4 PLGA nanoparticles had a diameter of approximately 700 nm.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, modified exendin‑4 nanoparticles measured approximately 700 nm across.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Not applicableParticle diameter
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Chitosan Pal-Ex4 PLGA nanoparticles
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    Particle diameter
    ≈ 700 nm
    chitosan Pal-Ex4 PLGA nanoparticles

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Results showed that chitosan Pal-Ex4 PLGA NPs were spherical, compact and had a diameter of ~700 nm and a positive surface charge of +28.5 mV

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  6. 06LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    In formulation tests, chitosan Pal-Ex4 PLGA nanoparticles had a positive surface charge of +28.5 mV.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, modified exendin‑4 nanoparticles had a positive surface charge.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Not applicableSurface charge
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Chitosan Pal-Ex4 PLGA nanoparticles
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    Surface charge
    28.5 mV
    chitosan Pal-Ex4 PLGA nanoparticles

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Results showed that chitosan Pal-Ex4 PLGA NPs were spherical, compact and had a diameter of ~700 nm and a positive surface charge of +28.5 mV

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  7. 07LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    In formulation tests, Pal-Ex4 release was delayed by up to 1.5 days compared with chitosan-coated Ex4 PLGA nanoparticles.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, modified exendin‑4 released more slowly than native exendin‑4 from coated nanoparticles.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreasePeptide release delay
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    PLGA nanoparticles
    Comparator
    Chitosan-coated Ex4 PLGA nanoparticles
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Pal-Ex4 release from chitosan-coated PLGA NPs was delayed by as much as 1.5 days as compared with chitosan-coated Ex4 PLGA NPs.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.