Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide SS31 protects the retinas of diabetic rats.

Huang J, Li X, Li M, Li J, Xiao W, Ma W, Chen X, Liang X, Tang S, Luo Y

Current molecular medicine1 Jul 2013Cited by 32 (Europe PMC)

PMID23745582DOI10.2174/15665240113139990049PepBankPUB-23745582

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study14

14 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic rats, SS31 gave better retinal ganglion cell structures than normal saline.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, SS31 kept retinal nerve cell structures in better shape than saline.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseRetinal ganglion cell structure
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Comparator
Normal saline
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Studied dose
3 mg/kg · subcutaneous · 4 monthsAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
better structures of retinal ganglion cells
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SS31 which is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide on the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Summary · context
Two weeks after induction of diabetes, SS31 (3 mg/kg) or the same volume of normal saline (N.S) was injected subcutaneously into the back of diabetic rats every day.
Report a problemFND-2374558201
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic rats, SS31 gave a thinner retinal capillary basement membrane than normal saline.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, SS31 led to a thinner retinal blood vessel wall layer than saline.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseCapillary basement membrane thickness
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Comparator
Normal saline
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Studied dose
3 mg/kg · subcutaneous · 4 monthsAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
thinner capillary basement membrane
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SS31 which is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide on the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Summary · context
Two weeks after induction of diabetes, SS31 (3 mg/kg) or the same volume of normal saline (N.S) was injected subcutaneously into the back of diabetic rats every day.
Report a problemFND-2374558202
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic rats, SS31 gave less inner blood-retinal barrier leakage than normal saline.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, SS31 led to less leakage across the blood-eye barrier than saline.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseInner blood retinal barrier leakage
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Comparator
Normal saline
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Studied dose
3 mg/kg · subcutaneous · 4 monthsAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
less iBRB leakage
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SS31 which is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide on the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Summary · context
Two weeks after induction of diabetes, SS31 (3 mg/kg) or the same volume of normal saline (N.S) was injected subcutaneously into the back of diabetic rats every day.
Report a problemFND-2374558203
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic rats, SS31 gave more uniform claudin-5 staining in retinal vessels than normal saline.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, SS31 led to more even staining of a vessel-wall protein, claudin-5, than saline.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseClaudin-5 staining uniformity
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Comparator
Normal saline
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Studied dose
3 mg/kg · subcutaneous · 4 monthsAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
more uniform staining of claudin-5 and occludin in the retinal vessels
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SS31 which is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide on the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Summary · context
Two weeks after induction of diabetes, SS31 (3 mg/kg) or the same volume of normal saline (N.S) was injected subcutaneously into the back of diabetic rats every day.
Report a problemFND-2374558204
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic rats, SS31 gave more uniform occludin staining in retinal vessels than normal saline.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, SS31 led to more even staining of a vessel-wall protein, occludin, than saline.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseOccludin staining uniformity
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Comparator
Normal saline
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Studied dose
3 mg/kg · subcutaneous · 4 monthsAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
more uniform staining of claudin-5 and occludin in the retinal vessels
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SS31 which is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide on the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Summary · context
Two weeks after induction of diabetes, SS31 (3 mg/kg) or the same volume of normal saline (N.S) was injected subcutaneously into the back of diabetic rats every day.
Report a problemFND-2374558205
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic rats, SS31 lowered retinal acrolein levels versus normal saline.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, SS31 lowered retinal levels of acrolein, a marker of oxidative damage, compared with saline.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseRetinal acrolein level
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Comparator
Normal saline
Outcome group
Oxidative stress · Eye
Studied dose
3 mg/kg · subcutaneous · 4 monthsAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
lower levels of acrolein, 8-OHdG, nitrotyrosine, Bax, caspase-3, p53, and NF-κB
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SS31 which is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide on the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Summary · context
Two weeks after induction of diabetes, SS31 (3 mg/kg) or the same volume of normal saline (N.S) was injected subcutaneously into the back of diabetic rats every day.
Report a problemFND-2374558206
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic rats, SS31 lowered retinal 8-OHdG levels versus normal saline.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, SS31 lowered retinal levels of 8-OHdG, a marker of DNA damage, compared with saline.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseRetinal 8-OHdG level
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Comparator
Normal saline
Outcome group
Oxidative stress · Eye
Studied dose
3 mg/kg · subcutaneous · 4 monthsAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
lower levels of acrolein, 8-OHdG, nitrotyrosine, Bax, caspase-3, p53, and NF-κB
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SS31 which is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide on the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Summary · context
Two weeks after induction of diabetes, SS31 (3 mg/kg) or the same volume of normal saline (N.S) was injected subcutaneously into the back of diabetic rats every day.
Report a problemFND-2374558207
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic rats, SS31 lowered retinal nitrotyrosine levels versus normal saline.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, SS31 lowered retinal levels of nitrotyrosine, a marker of oxidative damage, compared with saline.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseRetinal nitrotyrosine level
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Comparator
Normal saline
Outcome group
Oxidative stress · Eye
Studied dose
3 mg/kg · subcutaneous · 4 monthsAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
lower levels of acrolein, 8-OHdG, nitrotyrosine, Bax, caspase-3, p53, and NF-κB
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SS31 which is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide on the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Summary · context
Two weeks after induction of diabetes, SS31 (3 mg/kg) or the same volume of normal saline (N.S) was injected subcutaneously into the back of diabetic rats every day.
Report a problemFND-2374558208
09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic rats, SS31 lowered retinal Bax levels versus normal saline.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, SS31 lowered retinal levels of Bax, a cell-death protein, compared with saline.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseRetinal Bax level
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Comparator
Normal saline
Outcome group
Cell viability and death · Eye
Studied dose
3 mg/kg · subcutaneous · 4 monthsAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
lower levels of acrolein, 8-OHdG, nitrotyrosine, Bax, caspase-3, p53, and NF-κB
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SS31 which is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide on the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Summary · context
Two weeks after induction of diabetes, SS31 (3 mg/kg) or the same volume of normal saline (N.S) was injected subcutaneously into the back of diabetic rats every day.
Report a problemFND-2374558209
10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic rats, SS31 lowered retinal caspase-3 levels versus normal saline.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, SS31 lowered retinal levels of caspase-3, a cell-death enzyme, compared with saline.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseRetinal caspase-3 level
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Comparator
Normal saline
Outcome group
Cell viability and death · Eye
Studied dose
3 mg/kg · subcutaneous · 4 monthsAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
lower levels of acrolein, 8-OHdG, nitrotyrosine, Bax, caspase-3, p53, and NF-κB
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SS31 which is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide on the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Summary · context
Two weeks after induction of diabetes, SS31 (3 mg/kg) or the same volume of normal saline (N.S) was injected subcutaneously into the back of diabetic rats every day.
Report a problemFND-2374558210
11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic rats, SS31 lowered retinal p53 levels versus normal saline.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, SS31 lowered retinal levels of p53, a stress-response protein, compared with saline.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseRetinal p53 level
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Comparator
Normal saline
Outcome group
Cell viability and death · Eye
Studied dose
3 mg/kg · subcutaneous · 4 monthsAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
lower levels of acrolein, 8-OHdG, nitrotyrosine, Bax, caspase-3, p53, and NF-κB
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SS31 which is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide on the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Summary · context
Two weeks after induction of diabetes, SS31 (3 mg/kg) or the same volume of normal saline (N.S) was injected subcutaneously into the back of diabetic rats every day.
Report a problemFND-2374558211
12AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic rats, SS31 lowered retinal NF-κB levels versus normal saline.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, SS31 lowered retinal levels of NF-κB, an inflammation-related protein, compared with saline.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseRetinal NF-κB level
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Comparator
Normal saline
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Eye
Studied dose
3 mg/kg · subcutaneous · 4 monthsAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
lower levels of acrolein, 8-OHdG, nitrotyrosine, Bax, caspase-3, p53, and NF-κB
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SS31 which is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide on the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Summary · context
Two weeks after induction of diabetes, SS31 (3 mg/kg) or the same volume of normal saline (N.S) was injected subcutaneously into the back of diabetic rats every day.
Report a problemFND-2374558212
13AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic rats, SS31 raised retinal Trx-2 levels versus normal saline.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, SS31 raised retinal levels of Trx-2, an antioxidant protein, compared with saline.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseRetinal Trx-2 level
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Comparator
Normal saline
Outcome group
Oxidative stress · Eye
Studied dose
3 mg/kg · subcutaneous · 4 monthsAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
higher levels of Trx-2 and Bcl-2
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SS31 which is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide on the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Summary · context
Two weeks after induction of diabetes, SS31 (3 mg/kg) or the same volume of normal saline (N.S) was injected subcutaneously into the back of diabetic rats every day.
Report a problemFND-2374558213
14AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic rats, SS31 raised retinal Bcl-2 levels versus normal saline.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, SS31 raised retinal levels of Bcl-2, a cell-survival protein, compared with saline.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseRetinal Bcl-2 level
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Comparator
Normal saline
Outcome group
Cell viability and death · Eye
Studied dose
3 mg/kg · subcutaneous · 4 monthsAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
higher levels of Trx-2 and Bcl-2
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SS31 which is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide on the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Summary · context
Two weeks after induction of diabetes, SS31 (3 mg/kg) or the same volume of normal saline (N.S) was injected subcutaneously into the back of diabetic rats every day.
Report a problemFND-2374558214

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide SS31 protects the retinas of diabetic rats.

Summary

Results from this study14

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms