Exenatide once weekly improved glycaemic control, cardiometabolic risk factors and a composite index of an HbA1c < 7%, without weight gain or hypoglycaemia, over 52 weeks.

Bergenstal RM, Li Y, Porter TK, Weaver C, Han J

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism12 Nov 2012Cited by 28 (Europe PMC)

PMID23078638PMCIDPMC3593159DOI10.1111/dom.12026PepBankPUB-23078638

Summary

AimsType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors such as obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate potential effects of exenatide once weekly (ExQW), a GLP-1 receptor agonist, on glycaemic control and CV risk factors.MethodsThis analysis included 675 Intent-to-Treat patients with T2DM [baseline (mean ± SD) HbA1c, 8.1 ± 1.2%; fasting blood glucose (FBG), 166 ± 48 mg/dl; weight, 94.3 ± 19.4 kg; systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), 129 ± 15/78 ± 9 mm Hg; total cholesterol, 178.5 ± 41.9 mg/dl; low-density lipoprotein (LDL), 100.1 ± 35.0 mg/dl; high-density lipoprotein (HDL), 44.5 ± 11.6 mg/dl; triglycerides, 155.6 ± 3.3 mg/dl; alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 32.1 ± 19.5 U/l] treated with diet and exercise alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, and/or thiazolidinedione who received 52 weeks of ExQW in four clinical trials.ResultsAt 52 weeks, ExQW significantly improved HbA1c [mean (SE) change from baseline, -1.3 (0.05)%], FBG [-36.3 (2.02) mg/dl], body weight [-2.6 (0.19) kg], SBP/DBP [-3.6 (0.56) mm Hg/-1.2 (0.34) mm Hg], total cholesterol, -4.4 (1.33) mg/dl; LDL, -2.6 (1.08) mg/dl; HDL, 1.1 (0.31) mg/dl; triglycerides, -7 (1.6)%], and ALT [-4.3 (0.71) IU/l] concentrations, with greater improvements in patients with elevated analyte levels at baseline. Improvements were observed across a range of background antihyperglycaemia therapies. Of patients completing 52 weeks, 19% achieved the composite American Diabetes Association goal (HbA1c < 7.0%, BP < 130/80 mm Hg, LDL < 100 mg/dl), compared to 1% at baseline. Nearly half (48%) achieved HbA1c < 7.0% without weight gain or major/minor hypoglycaemia. Nausea was the most frequent adverse event and was predominantly mild. Hypoglycaemia was infrequent, and more common with a sulfonylurea.ConclusionsWith 52 weeks of ExQW, patients experienced sustained improvements in glycaemic control and CV risk factors, with an increased likelihood of achieving both a clinically relevant composite outcome (HbA1c < 7% without weight gain or increased risk of hypoglycaemia) and a composite of key therapeutic goals (HbA1c < 7%, BP < 130/80 mm Hg, LDL < 100 mg/dl).

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study14

14 results from studies that gave the peptide. 14 results from people.

01HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced HbA1c from baseline.
In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced HbA1c from baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseHbA1c change
Study
n = 675
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 52 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
HbA1c change
−1.3%
52 weeks
Source sentences
Summary
At 52 weeks, ExQW significantly improved HbA1c [mean (SE) change from baseline, -1.3 (0.05)%]
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
treated with diet and exercise alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, and/or thiazolidinedione who received 52 weeks of ExQW in four clinical trials.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2307863801
02HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced fasting blood glucose from baseline.
In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced fasting blood sugar from baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseFasting blood glucose
Study
n = 675
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 52 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
FBG change
−36.3 mg/dl
52 weeks
Source sentences
Summary
At 52 weeks, ExQW significantly improved HbA1c [mean (SE) change from baseline, -1.3 (0.05)%], FBG [-36.3 (2.02) mg/dl]
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
treated with diet and exercise alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, and/or thiazolidinedione who received 52 weeks of ExQW in four clinical trials.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2307863802
03HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced body weight from baseline.
In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced weight from baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseBody weight
Study
n = 675
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 52 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Weight change
−2.6 kg
52 weeks
Source sentences
Summary
At 52 weeks, ExQW significantly improved HbA1c [mean (SE) change from baseline, -1.3 (0.05)%], FBG [-36.3 (2.02) mg/dl], body weight [-2.6 (0.19) kg]
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
treated with diet and exercise alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, and/or thiazolidinedione who received 52 weeks of ExQW in four clinical trials.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2307863803
04HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced systolic blood pressure from baseline.
In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced systolic blood pressure from baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseSystolic blood pressure
Study
n = 675
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 52 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Systolic BP change
−3.6 mm Hg
52 weeks, change from baseline
Source sentences
Summary
SBP/DBP [-3.6 (0.56) mm Hg/-1.2 (0.34) mm Hg]
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
treated with diet and exercise alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, and/or thiazolidinedione who received 52 weeks of ExQW in four clinical trials.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2307863804
05HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced diastolic blood pressure from baseline.
In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced diastolic blood pressure from baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseDiastolic blood pressure
Study
n = 675
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 52 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Diastolic BP change
−1.2 mm Hg
52 weeks, change from baseline
Source sentences
Summary
SBP/DBP [-3.6 (0.56) mm Hg/-1.2 (0.34) mm Hg]
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
treated with diet and exercise alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, and/or thiazolidinedione who received 52 weeks of ExQW in four clinical trials.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2307863805
06HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced total cholesterol from baseline.
In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced total cholesterol from baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseTotal cholesterol
Study
n = 675
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 52 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Total cholesterol change
−4.4 mg/dl
52 weeks, change from baseline
Source sentences
Summary
total cholesterol, -4.4 (1.33) mg/dl; LDL
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
treated with diet and exercise alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, and/or thiazolidinedione who received 52 weeks of ExQW in four clinical trials.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2307863806
07HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced LDL cholesterol from baseline.
In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced LDL cholesterol from baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseLDL cholesterol
Study
n = 675
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 52 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
LDL change
−2.6 mg/dl
52 weeks, change from baseline
Source sentences
Summary
LDL, -2.6 (1.08) mg/dl; HDL
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
treated with diet and exercise alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, and/or thiazolidinedione who received 52 weeks of ExQW in four clinical trials.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2307863807
08HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide increased HDL cholesterol from baseline.
In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide increased HDL cholesterol from baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseHDL cholesterol
Study
n = 675
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 52 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
HDL change
1.1 mg/dl
52 weeks, change from baseline
Source sentences
Summary
HDL, 1.1 (0.31) mg/dl; triglycerides
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
treated with diet and exercise alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, and/or thiazolidinedione who received 52 weeks of ExQW in four clinical trials.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2307863808
09HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced triglycerides from baseline.
In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced triglycerides from baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseTriglycerides
Study
n = 675
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 52 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Triglycerides change
−7%
52 weeks, change from baseline
Source sentences
Summary
triglycerides, -7 (1.6)%]
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
treated with diet and exercise alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, and/or thiazolidinedione who received 52 weeks of ExQW in four clinical trials.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2307863809
10HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced ALT from baseline.
In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, weekly exenatide reduced the liver enzyme ALT from baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseALT
Study
n = 675
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 52 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
ALT change
−4.3 IU/l
52 weeks, change from baseline
Source sentences
Summary
and ALT [-4.3 (0.71) IU/l] concentrations, with greater improvements in patients with elevated analyte levels at baseline.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
treated with diet and exercise alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, and/or thiazolidinedione who received 52 weeks of ExQW in four clinical trials.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2307863810
11HumanNon-randomized trialSafety outcome
In patients receiving weekly exenatide, nausea was the most frequent adverse event and was predominantly mild.
In plain wordsWith weekly exenatide, nausea was the most frequent side effect and was mostly mild.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableNausea
Study
n = 675
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 52 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Nausea was the most frequent adverse event and was predominantly mild.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
treated with diet and exercise alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, and/or thiazolidinedione who received 52 weeks of ExQW in four clinical trials.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2307863813
12HumanNon-randomized trialSafety outcome
In patients receiving weekly exenatide, hypoglycaemia was infrequent and more common with sulfonylurea use.
In plain wordsWith weekly exenatide, low blood sugar was uncommon and occurred more often with a sulfonylurea.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableHypoglycaemia
Study
n = 675
Outcome group
Adverse events · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 52 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Hypoglycaemia was infrequent, and more common with a sulfonylurea.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
treated with diet and exercise alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, and/or thiazolidinedione who received 52 weeks of ExQW in four clinical trials.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2307863814
13HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
Among patients completing weekly exenatide treatment, composite ADA goal attainment increased from 1% at baseline to 19%.
In plain wordsAmong people completing weekly exenatide treatment, more reached the combined diabetes treatment goal than at baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseComposite ADA goal
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 52 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Patients achieving composite ADA goal
19%
completing 52 weeks
Patients meeting composite ADA goal
1%
baseline
Source sentences
Summary
Of patients completing 52 weeks, 19% achieved the composite American Diabetes Association goal (HbA1c < 7.0%, BP < 130/80 mm Hg, LDL < 100 mg/dl), compared to 1% at baseline.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
treated with diet and exercise alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, and/or thiazolidinedione who received 52 weeks of ExQW in four clinical trials.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2307863811
14HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients receiving weekly exenatide, 48% achieved HbA1c below 7.0% without weight gain or major/minor hypoglycaemia.
In plain wordsWith weekly exenatide, 48% reached the blood sugar target without weight gain or major or minor low blood sugar.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableHbA1c target without weight gain or hypoglycaemia
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 52 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Patients achieving HbA1c <7.0% without weight gain or hypoglycaemia
48%
52 weeks
Source sentences
Summary
Nearly half (48%) achieved HbA1c < 7.0% without weight gain or major/minor hypoglycaemia.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
treated with diet and exercise alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, and/or thiazolidinedione who received 52 weeks of ExQW in four clinical trials.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2307863812

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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