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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2012

4 results

Thymosin β4 expression reveals intriguing similarities between fetal and cancer cells.

Faa G, Nemolato S, Cabras T, Fanni D, Gerosa C, Fanari M, Locci A, Fanos V, Messana I, Castagnola M

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences1 Oct 2012Cited by 12 (Europe PMC)

PMID23045970 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06679.x (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-23045970
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured4

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In human salivary glands, Tβ4 immunoreactivity was high before birth and downregulated in adulthood.

    In plain wordsIn human salivary glands, the body's own thymosin β4 was high before birth and lower in adults.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseTβ4 immunoreactivity in salivary glands before birth versus adulthood
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Aging markers · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Immunoreactivity for Tβ4 in human salivary glands show high quantities of Tβ4 before birth, followed by downregulation of expression in adulthood.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Here preliminary immunohistochemical analyses on different human tissues are reported.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In human tumors of salivary glands, Tβ4 was detected, in contrast to the low levels in adult glands.

    In plain wordsIn human salivary gland tumours, the body's own thymosin β4 was found, unlike in normal adult glands.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseTβ4 in salivary gland tumors
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Tumor growth · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In contrast, Tβ4 is detected in tumors of salivary glands, suggesting that tumor cells might utilize fetal programs, including Tβ4 synthesis.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Here preliminary immunohistochemical analyses on different human tissues are reported.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In the human gastrointestinal tract, Tβ4 reactivity was strong in enterocytes during development and weak in mature enterocytes.

    In plain wordsIn the human gut, the body's own thymosin β4 was strong in developing cells and weak in mature ones.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseTβ4 in enterocytes during development versus maturity
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Aging markers · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Immunohistochemical analyses in the gastrointestinal tract showed strong reactivity for Tβ4 in enterocytes during development, but weak immunostaining in mature enterocytes.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Here preliminary immunohistochemical analyses on different human tissues are reported.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In human colorectal cancer, high Tβ4 expression was associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

    In plain wordsIn human bowel cancer, high natural thymosin β4 was linked to cancer cells changing to a more mobile type.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableTβ4 expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Tumor growth · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In colorectal cancer, the association of a high expression of Tβ4 with epithelial-mesenchymal transition was observed.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Here preliminary immunohistochemical analyses on different human tissues are reported.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

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