Self-assembled glycol chitosan nanogels containing palmityl-acylated exendin-4 peptide as a long-acting anti-diabetic inhalation system.

Lee J, Lee C, Kim TH, Lee ES, Shin BS, Chi SC, Park ES, Lee KC, Youn YS

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society22 May 2012Cited by 50 (Europe PMC)

PMID22634071DOI10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.05.029PepBankPUB-22634071

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study3

1 result from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In db/db mice, inhaled native Ex4 nanogels had shorter hypoglycemic duration than Ex4-C16 nanogels.
In plain wordsIn mice, inhaled native Ex4 nanogels lowered glucose for less time than Ex4-C16 nanogels.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseHypoglycemic duration
Study
mousen: not reported in source
db/db mice
Comparator
Ex4-C16 nanogels
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · pulmonaryAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Furthermore, the hypoglycemic duration of inhaled Ex4-C16 nanogels was much greater than that of Ex4 nanogels in db/db mice.
Report a problemFND-2263407103

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

02LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
In lab tests, native Ex4 incorporation into nanogels exceeded Ex4-C16 incorporation.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, nanogels incorporated more native Ex4 than Ex4-C16.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseNanogel incorporation
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Ex4-C16
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Measurements
Ex4 incorporation
81.4%
nanogels
Source sentences
Summary
Although the incorporation of Ex4-C16 (50.9±7.8%) into DOCA-GC nanogels was significantly lower than that of Ex4 (81.4±4.9%), the Ex4-C16 release from DOCA-GC nanogels was greatly delayed vs. Ex4.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-2263407101
03LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
In lab tests, native Ex4 release from nanogels was faster than Ex4-C16 release.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, nanogels released native Ex4 faster than Ex4-C16.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseNanogel release
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Ex4-C16
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Although the incorporation of Ex4-C16 (50.9±7.8%) into DOCA-GC nanogels was significantly lower than that of Ex4 (81.4±4.9%), the Ex4-C16 release from DOCA-GC nanogels was greatly delayed vs. Ex4.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-2263407102

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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