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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2012

4 results

Thymosin β4 induces folding of the developing optic tectum in the chicken (Gallus domesticus).

Wirsching HG, Kretz O, Morosan-Puopolo G, Chernogorova P, Theiss C, Brand-Saberi B

The Journal of comparative neurology1 Jun 2012Cited by 11 (Europe PMC)

PMID22120963 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1002/cne.23004 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-22120963
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured1

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In the developing chicken optic tectum, Tβ4 was expressed in the tectal plate and in all neuronal layers of later stages, but not in the ventricular zone.

    In plain wordsIn chick embryo brains, the body's own Tβ4 was found in the tectal plate and neuron layers, but not where neural stem cells divide.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableTβ4 expression in developing optic tectum
    Study

    chickenn: not reported in source

    developing optic tectum, in ovo
    Outcome group
    Gene expression · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We found marked Tβ4 expression in the tectal plate and in all neuronal layers of later developmental stages, but not in the ventricular zone where neural stem cells reside and divide.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study we analyzed Tβ4 expression in the developing optic tectum of the chicken (Gallus domesticus) and performed in ovo retroviral transduction and plasmid electroporation for overexpression and knockdown of Tβ4.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone3

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  1. 02AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In chicken embryos, knockdown of Tβ4 inhibited the growth of Tβ4-depleted hemispheres.

    In plain wordsIn chick embryos, removing Tβ4 slowed the growth of the affected brain half.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseGrowth of Tβ4-depleted hemispheres
    Study

    chickenn: not reported in source

    developing optic tectum, in ovo
    Outcome group
    Cell proliferation and differentiation · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Knockdown of Tβ4 inhibited growth of Tβ4-depleted hemispheres
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study we analyzed Tβ4 expression in the developing optic tectum of the chicken (Gallus domesticus) and performed in ovo retroviral transduction and plasmid electroporation for overexpression and knockdown of Tβ4.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  2. 03AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In chicken embryos, overexpression of Tβ4 led to neuroepithelial folds resembling gyri and sulci, which are not normally present in avian brains.

    In plain wordsIn chick embryos, extra Tβ4 led to brain folds that normally do not form in birds.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseNeuroepithelial folds with Tβ4 overexpression
    Study

    chickenn: not reported in source

    developing optic tectum, in ovo
    Outcome group
    Cell proliferation and differentiation · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    overexpression of Tβ4 led to the production of neuroepithelial folds resembling gyri and sulci, which are not normally present in avian brains.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study we analyzed Tβ4 expression in the developing optic tectum of the chicken (Gallus domesticus) and performed in ovo retroviral transduction and plasmid electroporation for overexpression and knockdown of Tβ4.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  3. 04AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In chicken embryos, enhanced growth of Tβ4-overexpressing hemispheres involved enhanced proliferation.

    In plain wordsIn chick embryos, extra Tβ4 increased cell multiplication in the brain, which went with more growth.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseProliferation in Tβ4-overexpressing hemispheres
    Study

    chickenn: not reported in source

    developing optic tectum, in ovo
    Outcome group
    Cell proliferation and differentiation · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The mechanism yielding enhanced growth of Tβ4 overexpressing hemispheres involved enhanced proliferation, thus indicating an impact of Tβ4 on the neural stem cell and/or progenitor cell population.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study we analyzed Tβ4 expression in the developing optic tectum of the chicken (Gallus domesticus) and performed in ovo retroviral transduction and plasmid electroporation for overexpression and knockdown of Tβ4.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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