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Study · In vitro (cells) · rat · 2011

8 results

Thymosin beta 4 prevents oxidative stress by targeting antioxidant and anti-apoptotic genes in cardiac fibroblasts.

Kumar S, Gupta S

PloS one25 Oct 2011Cited by 63 (Europe PMC)

PMID22046407 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC3201979 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0026912 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-22046407
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Summary

RationaleThymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) is a ubiquitous protein with diverse functions relating to cell proliferation and differentiation that promotes wound healing and modulates inflammatory responses. The effecter molecules targeted by Tβ4 for cardiac protection remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine the molecules targeted by Tβ4 that mediate cardio-protection under oxidative stress.MethodsRat neonatal fibroblasts cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in presence and absence of Tβ4 and expression of antioxidant, apoptotic and pro-fibrotic genes was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were estimated by DCF-DA using fluorescent microscopy and fluorimetry. Selected antioxidant and antiapoptotic genes were silenced by siRNA transfections in cardiac fibroblasts and the effect of Tβ4 on H(2)O(2)-induced profibrotic events was evaluated.ResultsPre-treatment with Tβ4 resulted in reduction of the intracellular ROS levels induced by H(2)O(2) in the cardiac fibroblasts. This was associated with an increased expression of antioxidant enzymes Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase and reduction of Bax/Bcl(2) ratio. Tβ4 treatment reduced the expression of pro-fibrotic genes [connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), collagen type-1 (Col-I) and collagen type-3 (Col-III)] in the cardiac fibroblasts. Silencing of Cu/Zn-SOD and catalase gene triggered apoptotic cell death in the cardiac fibroblasts, which was prevented by treatment with Tβ4.ConclusionThis is the first report that exhibits the targeted molecules modulated by Tβ4 under oxidative stress utilizing the cardiac fibroblasts. Tβ4 treatment prevented the profibrotic gene expression in the in vitro settings. Our findings indicate that Tβ4 selectively targets and upregulates catalase, Cu/Zn-SOD and Bcl(2), thereby, preventing H(2)O(2)-induced profibrotic changes in the myocardium. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the signaling pathways involved in the cardio-protection afforded by Tβ4.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study8

8 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01LabIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement

    In rat cardiac fibroblasts, pre-treatment with Tβ4 reduced H2O2-induced intracellular ROS levels.

    In plain wordsIn rat cells, thymosin beta‑4 reduced reactive oxygen levels caused by hydrogen peroxide.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseIntracellular ROS level
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    neonatal cardiac fibroblasts exposed to hydrogen peroxide
    Comparator
    H2O2 without Tβ4
    Outcome group
    Myocardial injury · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Pre-treatment with Tβ4 resulted in reduction of the intracellular ROS levels induced by H(2)O(2) in the cardiac fibroblasts.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rat neonatal fibroblasts cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in presence and absence of Tβ4 and expression of antioxidant, apoptotic and pro-fibrotic genes was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting.
  2. 02LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In rat cardiac fibroblasts under H2O2, Tβ4 increased expression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase.

    In plain wordsIn rat cells, thymosin beta‑4 increased the antioxidant enzyme Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseCu/Zn superoxide dismutase expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    neonatal cardiac fibroblasts exposed to hydrogen peroxide
    Comparator
    H2O2 without Tβ4
    Outcome group
    Myocardial injury · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    increased expression of antioxidant enzymes Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rat neonatal fibroblasts cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in presence and absence of Tβ4 and expression of antioxidant, apoptotic and pro-fibrotic genes was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting.
  3. 03LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In rat cardiac fibroblasts under H2O2, Tβ4 increased expression of catalase.

    In plain wordsIn rat cells, thymosin beta‑4 increased the antioxidant enzyme catalase.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseCatalase expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    neonatal cardiac fibroblasts exposed to hydrogen peroxide
    Comparator
    H2O2 without Tβ4
    Outcome group
    Myocardial injury · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    increased expression of antioxidant enzymes Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rat neonatal fibroblasts cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in presence and absence of Tβ4 and expression of antioxidant, apoptotic and pro-fibrotic genes was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting.
  4. 04LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In rat cardiac fibroblasts under H2O2, Tβ4 reduced the Bax/Bcl2 ratio.

    In plain wordsIn rat cells, thymosin beta‑4 lowered the Bax/Bcl2 ratio.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseBax/Bcl2 ratio
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    neonatal cardiac fibroblasts exposed to hydrogen peroxide
    Comparator
    H2O2 without Tβ4
    Outcome group
    Myocardial injury · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    reduction of Bax/Bcl(2) ratio.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rat neonatal fibroblasts cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in presence and absence of Tβ4 and expression of antioxidant, apoptotic and pro-fibrotic genes was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting.
  5. 05LabIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement

    In rat cardiac fibroblasts, Tβ4 reduced expression of the pro-fibrotic gene CTGF.

    In plain wordsIn rat cells, thymosin beta‑4 lowered a gene linked to scar-like tissue formation (CTGF).

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseCTGF expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    neonatal cardiac fibroblasts exposed to hydrogen peroxide
    Comparator
    H2O2 without Tβ4
    Outcome group
    Myocardial injury · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4 treatment reduced the expression of pro-fibrotic genes [connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), collagen type-1 (Col-I) and collagen type-3 (Col-III)] in the cardiac fibroblasts.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rat neonatal fibroblasts cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in presence and absence of Tβ4 and expression of antioxidant, apoptotic and pro-fibrotic genes was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting.
  6. 06LabIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement

    In rat cardiac fibroblasts, Tβ4 reduced expression of the pro-fibrotic gene collagen type-1.

    In plain wordsIn rat cells, thymosin beta‑4 lowered a gene linked to scar-like tissue formation (collagen type-1).

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseCollagen type-1 expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    neonatal cardiac fibroblasts exposed to hydrogen peroxide
    Comparator
    H2O2 without Tβ4
    Outcome group
    Myocardial injury · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4 treatment reduced the expression of pro-fibrotic genes [connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), collagen type-1 (Col-I) and collagen type-3 (Col-III)] in the cardiac fibroblasts.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rat neonatal fibroblasts cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in presence and absence of Tβ4 and expression of antioxidant, apoptotic and pro-fibrotic genes was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting.
  7. 07LabIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement

    In rat cardiac fibroblasts, Tβ4 reduced expression of the pro-fibrotic gene collagen type-3.

    In plain wordsIn rat cells, thymosin beta‑4 lowered a gene linked to scar-like tissue formation (collagen type-3).

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseCollagen type-3 expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    neonatal cardiac fibroblasts exposed to hydrogen peroxide
    Comparator
    H2O2 without Tβ4
    Outcome group
    Myocardial injury · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4 treatment reduced the expression of pro-fibrotic genes [connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), collagen type-1 (Col-I) and collagen type-3 (Col-III)] in the cardiac fibroblasts.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rat neonatal fibroblasts cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in presence and absence of Tβ4 and expression of antioxidant, apoptotic and pro-fibrotic genes was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting.
  8. 08LabIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement

    In rat cardiac fibroblasts, Tβ4 prevented the apoptotic cell death triggered by silencing of Cu/Zn-SOD and catalase.

    In plain wordsIn rat cells, thymosin beta‑4 prevented the cell death caused by silencing two antioxidant genes.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseApoptosis after Cu/Zn-SOD and catalase silencing
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    neonatal cardiac fibroblasts exposed to hydrogen peroxide
    Comparator
    Silenced cells without Tβ4
    Outcome group
    Myocardial injury · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Silencing of Cu/Zn-SOD and catalase gene triggered apoptotic cell death in the cardiac fibroblasts, which was prevented by treatment with Tβ4.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rat neonatal fibroblasts cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in presence and absence of Tβ4 and expression of antioxidant, apoptotic and pro-fibrotic genes was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

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