Exenatide exerts a potent antiinflammatory effect.

Chaudhuri A, Ghanim H, Vora M, Sia CL, Korzeniewski K, Dhindsa S, Makdissi A, Dandona P

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism19 Oct 2011Cited by 243 (Europe PMC)

PMID22013105PMCIDPMC3251936DOI10.1210/jc.2011-1508PepBankPUB-22013105

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study24

24 results from studies that gave the peptide. 24 results from people.

01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In randomized patients, fasting blood glucose decreased from baseline with exenatide.
In plain wordsIn patients, fasting blood glucose decreased from baseline during exenatide treatment.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseFasting blood glucose
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 μg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Fasting blood glucose
139 mg/dl
baseline
Fasting blood glucose
110 mg/dl
exenatide treatment
Source sentences
Summary
Fasting blood glucose fell from 139 ± 17 to 110 ± 9 mg/dl, HbA1c from 8.6 ± 0.4 to 7.4 ± 0.5% (P < 0.05), and free fatty acids by 21 ± 5% from baseline (P < 0.05) with exenatide.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310501
02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In randomized patients, HbA1c decreased from baseline with exenatide.
In plain wordsIn patients, HbA1c decreased from baseline during exenatide treatment.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseHbA1c
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 μg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
HbA1c
8.6%
baseline
HbA1c
7.4%
exenatide treatment
Source sentences
Summary
Fasting blood glucose fell from 139 ± 17 to 110 ± 9 mg/dl, HbA1c from 8.6 ± 0.4 to 7.4 ± 0.5% (P < 0.05), and free fatty acids by 21 ± 5% from baseline (P < 0.05) with exenatide.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310502
03HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In randomized patients, exenatide reduced free fatty acids by 21 ± 5% from baseline.
In plain wordsIn patients, exenatide reduced free fatty acids by 21 ± 5% from baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseFree fatty acids after repeated treatment
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 μg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Free fatty acids reduction from baseline
21%
12 weeks exenatide
Source sentences
Summary
Fasting blood glucose fell from 139 ± 17 to 110 ± 9 mg/dl, HbA1c from 8.6 ± 0.4 to 7.4 ± 0.5% (P < 0.05), and free fatty acids by 21 ± 5% from baseline (P < 0.05) with exenatide.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310503
04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In randomized patients, exenatide treatment produced no weight loss.
In plain wordsIn patients, researchers observed no weight loss during exenatide treatment.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
No significant changeWeight loss
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 μg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
There was no weight loss.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310504
05HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, exenatide reduced reactive oxygen species generation by 22 ± 9% after 12 weeks.
In plain wordsIn patients, reactive oxygen species generation decreased by 22 ± 9% after 12 weeks of exenatide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseReactive oxygen species generation after repeated treatment
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
10 μg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Reactive oxygen species generation reduction
22%
12 weeks exenatide
Source sentences
Summary
There was a significant reduction in reactive oxygen species generation and nuclear factor-κB binding by 22 ± 9 and 26 ± 7%, respectively,
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
(P < 0.05 for all) after 12 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310505
06HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, exenatide reduced nuclear factor-κB binding by 26 ± 7% after 12 weeks.
In plain wordsIn patients, nuclear factor-κB binding decreased by 26 ± 7% after 12 weeks of exenatide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseNF-κB binding after repeated treatment
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
10 μg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Nuclear factor-κB binding reduction
26%
12 weeks exenatide
Source sentences
Summary
There was a significant reduction in reactive oxygen species generation and nuclear factor-κB binding by 22 ± 9 and 26 ± 7%, respectively,
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
(P < 0.05 for all) after 12 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310506
07HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, exenatide reduced mononuclear-cell TNFα mRNA expression by 31 ± 12% after 12 weeks.
In plain wordsIn patients, TNFα gene expression in blood immune cells decreased by 31 ± 12% after 12 weeks of exenatide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseTNFα mRNA after repeated treatment
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
10 μg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
TNFα mRNA reduction
31%
12 weeks exenatide
Source sentences
Summary
and the mRNA expression of TNFα, IL-1β, JNK-1, TLR-2, TLR-4, and SOCS-3 in mononuclear cells by 31 ± 12, 22 ± 10, 20 ± 11, 22 ± 9, 16 ± 7, and 31 ± 10%, respectively (P < 0.05 for all) after 12 wk of exenatide.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310507
08HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, exenatide reduced mononuclear-cell IL-1β mRNA expression by 22 ± 10% after 12 weeks.
In plain wordsIn patients, IL-1β gene expression in blood immune cells decreased by 22 ± 10% after 12 weeks of exenatide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseIL-1β mRNA after repeated treatment
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
10 μg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
IL-1β mRNA reduction
22%
12 weeks exenatide
Source sentences
Summary
and the mRNA expression of TNFα, IL-1β, JNK-1, TLR-2, TLR-4, and SOCS-3 in mononuclear cells by 31 ± 12, 22 ± 10, 20 ± 11, 22 ± 9, 16 ± 7, and 31 ± 10%, respectively (P < 0.05 for all) after 12 wk of exenatide.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310508
09HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, exenatide reduced mononuclear-cell JNK-1 mRNA expression by 20 ± 11% after 12 weeks.
In plain wordsIn patients, JNK-1 gene expression in blood immune cells decreased by 20 ± 11% after 12 weeks of exenatide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseJNK-1 mRNA after repeated treatment
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
10 μg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
JNK-1 mRNA reduction
20%
12 weeks exenatide
Source sentences
Summary
and the mRNA expression of TNFα, IL-1β, JNK-1, TLR-2, TLR-4, and SOCS-3 in mononuclear cells by 31 ± 12, 22 ± 10, 20 ± 11, 22 ± 9, 16 ± 7, and 31 ± 10%, respectively (P < 0.05 for all) after 12 wk of exenatide.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310509
10HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, exenatide reduced mononuclear-cell TLR-2 mRNA expression by 22 ± 9% after 12 weeks.
In plain wordsIn patients, TLR-2 gene expression in blood immune cells decreased by 22 ± 9% after 12 weeks of exenatide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseTLR-2 mRNA after repeated treatment
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
10 μg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
TLR-2 mRNA reduction
22%
12 weeks exenatide
Source sentences
Summary
and the mRNA expression of TNFα, IL-1β, JNK-1, TLR-2, TLR-4, and SOCS-3 in mononuclear cells by 31 ± 12, 22 ± 10, 20 ± 11, 22 ± 9, 16 ± 7, and 31 ± 10%, respectively (P < 0.05 for all) after 12 wk of exenatide.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310510
11HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, exenatide reduced mononuclear-cell TLR-4 mRNA expression by 16 ± 7% after 12 weeks.
In plain wordsIn patients, TLR-4 gene expression in blood immune cells decreased by 16 ± 7% after 12 weeks of exenatide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseTLR-4 mRNA after repeated treatment
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
10 μg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
TLR-4 mRNA reduction
16%
12 weeks exenatide
Source sentences
Summary
and the mRNA expression of TNFα, IL-1β, JNK-1, TLR-2, TLR-4, and SOCS-3 in mononuclear cells by 31 ± 12, 22 ± 10, 20 ± 11, 22 ± 9, 16 ± 7, and 31 ± 10%, respectively (P < 0.05 for all) after 12 wk of exenatide.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310511
12HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, exenatide reduced mononuclear-cell SOCS-3 mRNA expression by 31 ± 10% after 12 weeks.
In plain wordsIn patients, SOCS-3 gene expression in blood immune cells decreased by 31 ± 10% after 12 weeks of exenatide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseSOCS-3 mRNA after repeated treatment
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
10 μg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
SOCS-3 mRNA reduction
31%
12 weeks exenatide
Source sentences
Summary
and the mRNA expression of TNFα, IL-1β, JNK-1, TLR-2, TLR-4, and SOCS-3 in mononuclear cells by 31 ± 12, 22 ± 10, 20 ± 11, 22 ± 9, 16 ± 7, and 31 ± 10%, respectively (P < 0.05 for all) after 12 wk of exenatide.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310512
13HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, exenatide suppressed plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by 15 ± 7% after 12 weeks.
In plain wordsIn patients, plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 decreased by 15 ± 7% after 12 weeks of exenatide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreasePlasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
10 μg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 reduction
15%
12 weeks exenatide
Source sentences
Summary
The plasma concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, serum amyloid A, and IL-6 were suppressed after 12 wk exenatide treatment by 15 ± 7, 20 ± 11, 16 ± 7, and 22 ± 12%, respectively (P < 0.05 for all).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310521
14HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, exenatide suppressed plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 by 20 ± 11% after 12 weeks.
In plain wordsIn patients, plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 decreased by 20 ± 11% after 12 weeks of exenatide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreasePlasma matrix metalloproteinase-9
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
10 μg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 reduction
20%
12 weeks exenatide
Source sentences
Summary
The plasma concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, serum amyloid A, and IL-6 were suppressed after 12 wk exenatide treatment by 15 ± 7, 20 ± 11, 16 ± 7, and 22 ± 12%, respectively (P < 0.05 for all).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310522
15HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, exenatide suppressed plasma serum amyloid A by 16 ± 7% after 12 weeks.
In plain wordsIn patients, plasma serum amyloid A decreased by 16 ± 7% after 12 weeks of exenatide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreasePlasma serum amyloid A
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
10 μg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Plasma serum amyloid A reduction
16%
12 weeks exenatide
Source sentences
Summary
The plasma concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, serum amyloid A, and IL-6 were suppressed after 12 wk exenatide treatment by 15 ± 7, 20 ± 11, 16 ± 7, and 22 ± 12%, respectively (P < 0.05 for all).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310523
16HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, exenatide suppressed plasma IL-6 by 22 ± 12% after 12 weeks.
In plain wordsIn patients, plasma IL-6 decreased by 22 ± 12% after 12 weeks of exenatide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreasePlasma IL-6
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
10 μg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Plasma IL-6 reduction
22%
12 weeks exenatide
Source sentences
Summary
The plasma concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, serum amyloid A, and IL-6 were suppressed after 12 wk exenatide treatment by 15 ± 7, 20 ± 11, 16 ± 7, and 22 ± 12%, respectively (P < 0.05 for all).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310524
17HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, a single exenatide injection reduced free fatty acids by 20 ± 7%.
In plain wordsIn patients, free fatty acids decreased by 20 ± 7% after a single exenatide injection.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseFree fatty acids after single dose
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
5 μg · subcutaneous · single injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Free fatty acids reduction
20%
single exenatide injection
Source sentences
Summary
After a single injection of exenatide, there was a reduction by 20 ± 7% in free fatty acids,
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Blood samples were also collected for up to 6 h after a single dose of exenatide (5 μg) or placebo.
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310513
18HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, a single exenatide injection reduced reactive oxygen species generation by 19 ± 7%.
In plain wordsIn patients, reactive oxygen species generation decreased by 19 ± 7% after a single exenatide injection.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseReactive oxygen species generation after single dose
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
5 μg · subcutaneous · single injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Reactive oxygen species generation reduction
19%
single exenatide injection
Source sentences
Summary
After a single injection of exenatide, there was a reduction by 20 ± 7% in free fatty acids, 19 ± 7% in reactive oxygen species generation,
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Blood samples were also collected for up to 6 h after a single dose of exenatide (5 μg) or placebo.
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310514
19HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, a single exenatide injection reduced nuclear factor-κB binding by 39 ± 11%.
In plain wordsIn patients, nuclear factor-κB binding decreased by 39 ± 11% after a single exenatide injection.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseNF-κB binding after single dose
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
5 μg · subcutaneous · single injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Nuclear factor-κB binding reduction
39%
single exenatide injection
Source sentences
Summary
After a single injection of exenatide, there was a reduction by 20 ± 7% in free fatty acids, 19 ± 7% in reactive oxygen species generation, 39 ± 11% in nuclear factor-κB binding,
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Blood samples were also collected for up to 6 h after a single dose of exenatide (5 μg) or placebo.
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310515
20HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, a single exenatide injection reduced TNFα expression by 18 ± 9%.
In plain wordsIn patients, TNFα expression decreased by 18 ± 9% after a single exenatide injection.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseTNFα expression after single dose
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
5 μg · subcutaneous · single injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
TNFα expression reduction
18%
single exenatide injection
Source sentences
Summary
After a single injection of exenatide, there was a reduction by 20 ± 7% in free fatty acids, 19 ± 7% in reactive oxygen species generation, 39 ± 11% in nuclear factor-κB binding, 18 ± 9% in TNFα expression,
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Blood samples were also collected for up to 6 h after a single dose of exenatide (5 μg) or placebo.
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310516
21HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, a single exenatide injection reduced IL-1β expression by 26 ± 7%.
In plain wordsIn patients, IL-1β expression decreased by 26 ± 7% after a single exenatide injection.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseIL-1β expression after single dose
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
5 μg · subcutaneous · single injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
IL-1β expression reduction
26%
single exenatide injection
Source sentences
Summary
26 ± 7% in IL-1β expression,
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
After a single injection of exenatide,
Summary · context
Blood samples were also collected for up to 6 h after a single dose of exenatide (5 μg) or placebo.
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310517
22HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, a single exenatide injection reduced JNK-1 expression by 18 ± 7%.
In plain wordsIn patients, JNK-1 expression decreased by 18 ± 7% after a single exenatide injection.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseJNK-1 expression after single dose
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
5 μg · subcutaneous · single injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
JNK-1 expression reduction
18%
single exenatide injection
Source sentences
Summary
18 ± 7% in JNK-1 expression,
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
After a single injection of exenatide,
Summary · context
Blood samples were also collected for up to 6 h after a single dose of exenatide (5 μg) or placebo.
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310518
23HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, a single exenatide injection reduced TLR-4 expression by 24 ± 12%.
In plain wordsIn patients, TLR-4 expression decreased by 24 ± 12% after a single exenatide injection.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseTLR-4 expression after single dose
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
5 μg · subcutaneous · single injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
TLR-4 expression reduction
24%
single exenatide injection
Source sentences
Summary
24 ± 12% in TLR-4 expression,
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
After a single injection of exenatide,
Summary · context
Blood samples were also collected for up to 6 h after a single dose of exenatide (5 μg) or placebo.
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310519
24HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In patients, a single exenatide injection reduced SOCS-3 expression by 23 ± 11%.
In plain wordsIn patients, SOCS-3 expression decreased by 23 ± 11% after a single exenatide injection.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseSOCS-3 expression after single dose
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
5 μg · subcutaneous · single injectionAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
SOCS-3 expression reduction
23%
single exenatide injection
Source sentences
Summary
and 23 ± 11% in SOCS-3 expression (P < 0.05 for all).
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
After a single injection of exenatide,
Summary · context
Blood samples were also collected for up to 6 h after a single dose of exenatide (5 μg) or placebo.
Summary · context
Twenty-four patients were prospectively randomized to be injected sc with either exenatide 10 μg twice daily
Summary · context
or placebo twice daily (n = 12; mean age = 54 ± 4 yr; mean body mass index = 39.1 ± 1.6 kg/m(2); mean HbA1c = 8.5 ± 0.3%) for 12 wk.
Report a problemFND-2201310520

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

Status unknownPhase 4NCT04122716

Combined Effects of GLP-1 Analogue and Exercise on Maintenance of Weight Loss and Health After Very-low Calorie Diet

Signe Torekovn = 215Sept 2016 to est. Nov 2021

Obesity

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 2 Nov 2020

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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