Increased levels of thymosin β4 in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: association of thymosin β4 with other factors that are involved in inflammation and bone erosion in joints.

Choi HM, Lee YA, Yang HI, Yoo MC, Kim KS

International journal of rheumatic diseases31 Aug 2011Cited by 15 (Europe PMC)

PMID22004227DOI10.1111/j.1756-185x.2011.01652.xPepBankPUB-22004227

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured4

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
Synovial fluid Tβ4 was higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in patients with osteoarthritis.
In plain wordsIn joint fluid, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 was higher in people with rheumatoid arthritis than in people with osteoarthritis.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseSynovial fluid Tβ4 level in RA versus OA
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Osteoarthritis
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Musculoskeletal
Measurements
synovial Tβ4
145 ng/mL
osteoarthritis
synovial Tβ4
1359 ng/mL
rheumatoid arthritis
Source sentences
Summary
The level of Tβ4 in the synovial joint fluid of patients with OA and RA was (mean ± SD) 145 ± 88 and 1359 ± 1685 ng/mL, respectively.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The level of Tβ4 in synovial fluid from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or RA was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2200422701
02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Tβ4 level was significantly associated with levels of MMP-9, MMP-13, VEGF, uPA, IL-6 and IL-8.
In plain wordsIn joint fluid from people with rheumatoid arthritis, natural thymosin beta‑4 levels were linked to levels of several inflammation and bone-breakdown markers.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableAssociation of Tβ4 with MMP-9, MMP-13, VEGF, uPA, IL-6 and IL-8 in RA synovial fluid
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
The level of Tβ4 in the synovial joint fluid of RA patients was significantly associated with the levels of MMP-9, MMP-13, VEGF, uPA, IL-6 and IL-8
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The level of Tβ4 in synovial fluid from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or RA was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2200422702
03HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Tβ4 level was not associated with MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, adiponectin or lactoferrin.
In plain wordsIn joint fluid from people with rheumatoid arthritis, natural thymosin beta‑4 levels were not linked to MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, adiponectin or lactoferrin.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changeAssociation of Tβ4 with MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, adiponectin and lactoferrin in RA synovial fluid
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
but not with MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, adiponectin and lactoferrin.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The level of Tβ4 in synovial fluid from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or RA was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2200422703
04HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis, Tβ4 level was not associated with any of the measured molecules.
In plain wordsIn joint fluid from people with osteoarthritis, natural thymosin beta‑4 levels were not linked to any of the measured markers.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changeAssociation of Tβ4 with inflammation and bone erosion markers in OA synovial fluid
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
In contrast, the level of Tβ4 in the synovial joint fluid of patients with OA was not associated with any of these molecules.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The level of Tβ4 in synovial fluid from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or RA was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2200422704

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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