Early metabolic programming of puberty onset: impact of changes in postnatal feeding and rearing conditions on the timing of puberty and development of the hypothalamic kisspeptin system.

Castellano JM, Bentsen AH, Sánchez-Garrido MA, Ruiz-Pino F, Romero M, Garcia-Galiano D, Aguilar E, Pinilla L, Diéguez C, Mikkelsen JD, Tena-Sempere M

Endocrinology28 Jun 2011Cited by 157 (Europe PMC)

PMID21712362DOI10.1210/en.2010-1415PepBankPUB-21712362

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured4

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In female rats, postnatal overfeeding was linked to higher hypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA levels.
In plain wordsIn female rats, early overfeeding went with higher levels of the body's own kisspeptin gene signal in the brain.
Peptide
Kisspeptin-10
Outcome
IncreaseHypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA after postnatal overfeeding
Study
ratn: not reported in source
female rats raised in small, normal and large litters
Comparator
Normal litters
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
together with higher levels of leptin and hypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Female rats were raised in litters of different sizes: small (four pups per dam: overfeeding), normal (12 pups per dam), and large litters (20 pups per litter: underfeeding).
This result measures the body's own Kisspeptin-10. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2171236201
02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In female rats, postnatal underfeeding was linked to lower Kiss1 mRNA levels.
In plain wordsIn female rats, early underfeeding went with lower levels of the body's own kisspeptin gene signal.
Peptide
Kisspeptin-10
Outcome
DecreaseHypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA after postnatal underfeeding
Study
ratn: not reported in source
female rats raised in small, normal and large litters
Comparator
Normal litters
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
changes that were paralleled by a decrease in leptin and Kiss1 mRNA levels.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Female rats were raised in litters of different sizes: small (four pups per dam: overfeeding), normal (12 pups per dam), and large litters (20 pups per litter: underfeeding).
This result measures the body's own Kisspeptin-10. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2171236202
03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In female rats, postnatally underfed animals had fewer kisspeptin-52 immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus.
In plain wordsIn female rats, early underfeeding went with fewer brain cells that make the body's own kisspeptin.
Peptide
Kisspeptin-10
Outcome
DecreaseKisspeptin-52 immunoreactive neurons in arcuate nucleus after underfeeding
Study
ratn: not reported in source
female rats raised in small, normal and large litters
Comparator
Normal litters
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Kisspeptin-52 immunoreactivity (Kp-IR) in the hypothalamus displayed similar patterns, with lower numbers of Kp-IR neurons in the arcuate nucleus of postnatally underfed animals
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Female rats were raised in litters of different sizes: small (four pups per dam: overfeeding), normal (12 pups per dam), and large litters (20 pups per litter: underfeeding).
This result measures the body's own Kisspeptin-10. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2171236203
04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In female rats, postnatally overfed animals showed only a trend toward more kisspeptin-positive fibers in the periventricular area.
In plain wordsIn female rats, early overfeeding went with only a possible, not clear, rise in the body's own kisspeptin fibers.
Peptide
Kisspeptin-10
Outcome
No significant changeKisspeptin-positive fibers in periventricular area after overfeeding
Study
ratn: not reported in source
female rats raised in small, normal and large litters
Comparator
Normal litters
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
and a trend for increased Kp-positive fibers in the periventricular area of early overfed rats.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Female rats were raised in litters of different sizes: small (four pups per dam: overfeeding), normal (12 pups per dam), and large litters (20 pups per litter: underfeeding).
This result measures the body's own Kisspeptin-10. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2171236204

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, Kisspeptin-10 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Kisspeptin-10.

05AnimalNot a test of Kisspeptin-10 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In female rats, gonadotropin responses to kisspeptin at puberty were similar in all postnatal feeding groups, apart from the underfed rats at low doses.
In plain wordsIn female rats, hormone responses to kisspeptin at puberty were mostly similar whatever the early feeding.
Peptide
Kisspeptin-10
Outcome
No significant changeGonadotropin response to Kp at puberty across feeding groups
Study
ratn: not reported in source
female rats raised in small, normal and large litters
Comparator
Normal litters
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Yet, gonadotropin responses to Kp at puberty were similar in all groups, except for enhanced responsiveness to low doses of Kp-10 in postnatally underfed rats.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Female rats were raised in litters of different sizes: small (four pups per dam: overfeeding), normal (12 pups per dam), and large litters (20 pups per litter: underfeeding).
In this study, Kisspeptin-10 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Kisspeptin-10.
Report a problemFND-2171236205
06AnimalNot a test of Kisspeptin-10 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In female rats, postnatally underfed animals had enhanced gonadotropin responsiveness to low doses of Kp-10.
In plain wordsIn female rats, early underfeeding made the hormone response to low kisspeptin‑10 doses stronger.
Peptide
Kisspeptin-10
Outcome
IncreaseGonadotropin response to low doses of Kp-10 in underfed rats
Study
ratn: not reported in source
female rats raised in small, normal and large litters
Comparator
Normal litters
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
except for enhanced responsiveness to low doses of Kp-10 in postnatally underfed rats.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Female rats were raised in litters of different sizes: small (four pups per dam: overfeeding), normal (12 pups per dam), and large litters (20 pups per litter: underfeeding).
In this study, Kisspeptin-10 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Kisspeptin-10.
Report a problemFND-2171236206

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
10 Oct 2026, 09:43 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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