Effect of exenatide on splanchnic and peripheral glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic subjects.

Cersosimo E, Gastaldelli A, Cervera A, Wajcberg E, Sriwijilkamol A, Fernandez M, Zuo P, Petz R, Triplitt C, Musi N, DeFronzo RA

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism16 Mar 2011Cited by 44 (Europe PMC)

PMID21411546DOI10.1210/jc.2010-2146PepBankPUB-21411546

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study16

16 results from studies that gave the peptide. 16 results from people.

01HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM patients in protocol I, exenatide reduced fasting glucose from baseline.
In plain wordsIn T2DM patients in protocol I, exenatide reduced fasting blood sugar compared with baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseProtocol I fasting glucose
Study
n = 12
Comparator
Before exenatide
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 2 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Fasting glucose
10.2 mm
before
Fasting glucose
7.6 mm
after
Source sentences
Summary
After 2 wk of exenatide (protocol I), fasting plasma glucose decreased (from 10.2 to 7.6 mm) and mean postmeal plasma glucose decreased (from 13.2 to 11.3 mm) (P < 0.05); fasting and meal-stimulated plasma insulin and glucagon did not change significantly.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen T2DM patients (44 yr; seven females, 10 males; body mass index = 33.6 kg/m(2); glycosylated hemoglobin = 7.9%) received a mixed meal followed for 6 h with double-tracer technique ([1-(14)C]glucose orally; [3-(3)H]glucose i.v.) before and after 2 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
In protocol II (n = 5), but not in protocol I (n = 12), exenatide was given in the morning of the repeat meal.
Report a problemFND-2141154601
02HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM patients in protocol I, exenatide reduced mean postmeal glucose from baseline.
In plain wordsIn T2DM patients in protocol I, exenatide reduced average blood sugar after meals compared with baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseProtocol I mean postmeal glucose
Study
n = 12
Comparator
Before exenatide
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 2 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Postmeal glucose
13.2 mm
before
Postmeal glucose
11.3 mm
after
Source sentences
Summary
After 2 wk of exenatide (protocol I), fasting plasma glucose decreased (from 10.2 to 7.6 mm) and mean postmeal plasma glucose decreased (from 13.2 to 11.3 mm) (P < 0.05); fasting and meal-stimulated plasma insulin and glucagon did not change significantly.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen T2DM patients (44 yr; seven females, 10 males; body mass index = 33.6 kg/m(2); glycosylated hemoglobin = 7.9%) received a mixed meal followed for 6 h with double-tracer technique ([1-(14)C]glucose orally; [3-(3)H]glucose i.v.) before and after 2 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
In protocol II (n = 5), but not in protocol I (n = 12), exenatide was given in the morning of the repeat meal.
Report a problemFND-2141154602
03HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM patients in protocol i, fasting and meal-stimulated plasma insulin did not change significantly after exenatide.
In plain wordsIn T2DM patients in protocol i, fasting and after-meal insulin did not change significantly after exenatide compared with baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
No significant changeProtocol I fasting and meal-stimulated plasma insulin
Study
n = 12
Comparator
Before exenatide
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 2 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
After 2 wk of exenatide (protocol I), fasting plasma glucose decreased (from 10.2 to 7.6 mm) and mean postmeal plasma glucose decreased (from 13.2 to 11.3 mm) (P < 0.05); fasting and meal-stimulated plasma insulin and glucagon did not change significantly.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen T2DM patients (44 yr; seven females, 10 males; body mass index = 33.6 kg/m(2); glycosylated hemoglobin = 7.9%) received a mixed meal followed for 6 h with double-tracer technique ([1-(14)C]glucose orally; [3-(3)H]glucose i.v.) before and after 2 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
In protocol II (n = 5), but not in protocol I (n = 12), exenatide was given in the morning of the repeat meal.
Report a problemFND-2141154603
04HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM patients in protocol i, fasting and meal-stimulated plasma glucagon did not change significantly after exenatide.
In plain wordsIn T2DM patients in protocol i, fasting and after-meal glucagon did not change significantly after exenatide compared with baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
No significant changeProtocol I fasting and meal-stimulated plasma glucagon
Study
n = 12
Comparator
Before exenatide
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 2 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
After 2 wk of exenatide (protocol I), fasting plasma glucose decreased (from 10.2 to 7.6 mm) and mean postmeal plasma glucose decreased (from 13.2 to 11.3 mm) (P < 0.05); fasting and meal-stimulated plasma insulin and glucagon did not change significantly.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen T2DM patients (44 yr; seven females, 10 males; body mass index = 33.6 kg/m(2); glycosylated hemoglobin = 7.9%) received a mixed meal followed for 6 h with double-tracer technique ([1-(14)C]glucose orally; [3-(3)H]glucose i.v.) before and after 2 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
In protocol II (n = 5), but not in protocol I (n = 12), exenatide was given in the morning of the repeat meal.
Report a problemFND-2141154605
05HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM patients in protocol I, exenatide reduced basal endogenous glucose production from baseline.
In plain wordsIn T2DM patients in protocol I, exenatide reduced the body's glucose production compared with baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseProtocol I basal endogenous glucose production
Study
n = 12
Comparator
Before exenatide
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 2 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Basal EGP
13.9 μmol/kg · min
before
Basal EGP
10.8 μmol/kg · min
after
Source sentences
Summary
After exenatide, basal EGP decreased (from 13.9 to 10.8 μmol/kg · min, P < 0.05), and hepatic insulin resistance declined (both P < 0.05).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen T2DM patients (44 yr; seven females, 10 males; body mass index = 33.6 kg/m(2); glycosylated hemoglobin = 7.9%) received a mixed meal followed for 6 h with double-tracer technique ([1-(14)C]glucose orally; [3-(3)H]glucose i.v.) before and after 2 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
In protocol II (n = 5), but not in protocol I (n = 12), exenatide was given in the morning of the repeat meal.
Report a problemFND-2141154607
06HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM patients in protocol I, exenatide reduced hepatic insulin resistance from baseline.
In plain wordsIn T2DM patients in protocol I, exenatide reduced liver insulin resistance compared with baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseProtocol I hepatic insulin resistance
Study
n = 12
Comparator
Before exenatide
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 2 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
After exenatide, basal EGP decreased (from 13.9 to 10.8 μmol/kg · min, P < 0.05), and hepatic insulin resistance declined (both P < 0.05).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen T2DM patients (44 yr; seven females, 10 males; body mass index = 33.6 kg/m(2); glycosylated hemoglobin = 7.9%) received a mixed meal followed for 6 h with double-tracer technique ([1-(14)C]glucose orally; [3-(3)H]glucose i.v.) before and after 2 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
In protocol II (n = 5), but not in protocol I (n = 12), exenatide was given in the morning of the repeat meal.
Report a problemFND-2141154608
07HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM patients in protocol I, oral glucose appearance did not change after exenatide.
In plain wordsIn T2DM patients in protocol I, glucose appearance from the meal did not change after exenatide compared with baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
No significant changeProtocol I oral glucose appearance
Study
n = 12
Comparator
Before exenatide
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 2 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
RaO, gastric emptying (acetaminophen area under the curve), and splanchnic glucose uptake did not change.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen T2DM patients (44 yr; seven females, 10 males; body mass index = 33.6 kg/m(2); glycosylated hemoglobin = 7.9%) received a mixed meal followed for 6 h with double-tracer technique ([1-(14)C]glucose orally; [3-(3)H]glucose i.v.) before and after 2 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
In protocol II (n = 5), but not in protocol I (n = 12), exenatide was given in the morning of the repeat meal.
Report a problemFND-2141154609
08HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM patients in protocol I, gastric emptying did not change after exenatide.
In plain wordsIn T2DM patients in protocol I, stomach emptying did not change after exenatide compared with baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
No significant changeProtocol I gastric emptying
Study
n = 12
Comparator
Before exenatide
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal motility · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 2 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
RaO, gastric emptying (acetaminophen area under the curve), and splanchnic glucose uptake did not change.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen T2DM patients (44 yr; seven females, 10 males; body mass index = 33.6 kg/m(2); glycosylated hemoglobin = 7.9%) received a mixed meal followed for 6 h with double-tracer technique ([1-(14)C]glucose orally; [3-(3)H]glucose i.v.) before and after 2 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
In protocol II (n = 5), but not in protocol I (n = 12), exenatide was given in the morning of the repeat meal.
Report a problemFND-2141154610
09HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM patients in protocol I, splanchnic glucose uptake did not change after exenatide.
In plain wordsIn T2DM patients in protocol I, glucose uptake in abdominal organs did not change after exenatide compared with baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
No significant changeProtocol I splanchnic glucose uptake
Study
n = 12
Comparator
Before exenatide
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 2 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
RaO, gastric emptying (acetaminophen area under the curve), and splanchnic glucose uptake did not change.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen T2DM patients (44 yr; seven females, 10 males; body mass index = 33.6 kg/m(2); glycosylated hemoglobin = 7.9%) received a mixed meal followed for 6 h with double-tracer technique ([1-(14)C]glucose orally; [3-(3)H]glucose i.v.) before and after 2 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
In protocol II (n = 5), but not in protocol I (n = 12), exenatide was given in the morning of the repeat meal.
Report a problemFND-2141154611
10HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM patients in protocol II, exenatide reduced fasting glucose from baseline.
In plain wordsIn T2DM patients in protocol II, exenatide reduced fasting blood sugar compared with baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseProtocol II fasting glucose
Study
n = 5
Comparator
Before exenatide
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 2 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Fasting glucose
11.1 mm
before
Fasting glucose
8.9 mm
after
Source sentences
Summary
In protocol II (exenatide given before repeat meal), fasting plasma glucose decreased (from 11.1 to 8.9 mm) and mean postmeal plasma glucose decreased (from 14.2 to 10.1 mm) (P < 0.05); fasting and meal-stimulated plasma insulin and glucagon did not change significantly.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen T2DM patients (44 yr; seven females, 10 males; body mass index = 33.6 kg/m(2); glycosylated hemoglobin = 7.9%) received a mixed meal followed for 6 h with double-tracer technique ([1-(14)C]glucose orally; [3-(3)H]glucose i.v.) before and after 2 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
In protocol II (n = 5), but not in protocol I (n = 12), exenatide was given in the morning of the repeat meal.
Report a problemFND-2141154612
11HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM patients in protocol II, exenatide reduced mean postmeal glucose from baseline.
In plain wordsIn T2DM patients in protocol II, exenatide reduced average blood sugar after meals compared with baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseProtocol II mean postmeal glucose
Study
n = 5
Comparator
Before exenatide
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 2 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Postmeal glucose
14.2 mm
before
Postmeal glucose
10.1 mm
after
Source sentences
Summary
In protocol II (exenatide given before repeat meal), fasting plasma glucose decreased (from 11.1 to 8.9 mm) and mean postmeal plasma glucose decreased (from 14.2 to 10.1 mm) (P < 0.05); fasting and meal-stimulated plasma insulin and glucagon did not change significantly.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen T2DM patients (44 yr; seven females, 10 males; body mass index = 33.6 kg/m(2); glycosylated hemoglobin = 7.9%) received a mixed meal followed for 6 h with double-tracer technique ([1-(14)C]glucose orally; [3-(3)H]glucose i.v.) before and after 2 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
In protocol II (n = 5), but not in protocol I (n = 12), exenatide was given in the morning of the repeat meal.
Report a problemFND-2141154613
12HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM patients in protocol ii, fasting and meal-stimulated plasma insulin did not change significantly after exenatide.
In plain wordsIn T2DM patients in protocol ii, fasting and after-meal insulin did not change significantly after exenatide compared with baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
No significant changeProtocol II fasting and meal-stimulated plasma insulin
Study
n = 5
Comparator
Before exenatide
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 2 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
In protocol II (exenatide given before repeat meal), fasting plasma glucose decreased (from 11.1 to 8.9 mm) and mean postmeal plasma glucose decreased (from 14.2 to 10.1 mm) (P < 0.05); fasting and meal-stimulated plasma insulin and glucagon did not change significantly.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen T2DM patients (44 yr; seven females, 10 males; body mass index = 33.6 kg/m(2); glycosylated hemoglobin = 7.9%) received a mixed meal followed for 6 h with double-tracer technique ([1-(14)C]glucose orally; [3-(3)H]glucose i.v.) before and after 2 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
In protocol II (n = 5), but not in protocol I (n = 12), exenatide was given in the morning of the repeat meal.
Report a problemFND-2141154614
13HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM patients in protocol ii, fasting and meal-stimulated plasma glucagon did not change significantly after exenatide.
In plain wordsIn T2DM patients in protocol ii, fasting and after-meal glucagon did not change significantly after exenatide compared with baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
No significant changeProtocol II fasting and meal-stimulated plasma glucagon
Study
n = 5
Comparator
Before exenatide
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 2 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
In protocol II (exenatide given before repeat meal), fasting plasma glucose decreased (from 11.1 to 8.9 mm) and mean postmeal plasma glucose decreased (from 14.2 to 10.1 mm) (P < 0.05); fasting and meal-stimulated plasma insulin and glucagon did not change significantly.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen T2DM patients (44 yr; seven females, 10 males; body mass index = 33.6 kg/m(2); glycosylated hemoglobin = 7.9%) received a mixed meal followed for 6 h with double-tracer technique ([1-(14)C]glucose orally; [3-(3)H]glucose i.v.) before and after 2 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
In protocol II (n = 5), but not in protocol I (n = 12), exenatide was given in the morning of the repeat meal.
Report a problemFND-2141154616
14HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM patients in protocol II, exenatide reduced basal endogenous glucose production from baseline.
In plain wordsIn T2DM patients in protocol II, exenatide reduced the body's glucose production compared with baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseProtocol II basal endogenous glucose production
Study
n = 5
Comparator
Before exenatide
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 2 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Basal EGP
13.4 μmol/kg · min
before
Basal EGP
10.7 μmol/kg · min
after
Source sentences
Summary
After exenatide, basal EGP decreased (from 13.4 to 10.7 μmol/kg · min, P = 0.05).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen T2DM patients (44 yr; seven females, 10 males; body mass index = 33.6 kg/m(2); glycosylated hemoglobin = 7.9%) received a mixed meal followed for 6 h with double-tracer technique ([1-(14)C]glucose orally; [3-(3)H]glucose i.v.) before and after 2 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
In protocol II (n = 5), but not in protocol I (n = 12), exenatide was given in the morning of the repeat meal.
Report a problemFND-2141154618
15HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM patients in protocol II, exenatide markedly reduced total glucose appearance during 0-180 min after meals.
In plain wordsIn T2DM patients in protocol II, exenatide reduced total glucose appearance after meals compared with baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseProtocol II total glucose appearance
Study
n = 5
Comparator
Before exenatide
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 2 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
RaT and RaO decreased markedly from 0-180 min after meal ingestion, consistent with exenatide's action to delay gastric emptying.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen T2DM patients (44 yr; seven females, 10 males; body mass index = 33.6 kg/m(2); glycosylated hemoglobin = 7.9%) received a mixed meal followed for 6 h with double-tracer technique ([1-(14)C]glucose orally; [3-(3)H]glucose i.v.) before and after 2 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
In protocol II (n = 5), but not in protocol I (n = 12), exenatide was given in the morning of the repeat meal.
Report a problemFND-2141154619
16HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM patients in protocol II, exenatide markedly reduced oral glucose appearance during 0-180 min after meals.
In plain wordsIn T2DM patients in protocol II, exenatide reduced glucose appearance from meals compared with baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseProtocol II oral glucose appearance
Study
n = 5
Comparator
Before exenatide
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 2 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
RaT and RaO decreased markedly from 0-180 min after meal ingestion, consistent with exenatide's action to delay gastric emptying.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen T2DM patients (44 yr; seven females, 10 males; body mass index = 33.6 kg/m(2); glycosylated hemoglobin = 7.9%) received a mixed meal followed for 6 h with double-tracer technique ([1-(14)C]glucose orally; [3-(3)H]glucose i.v.) before and after 2 wk of exenatide.
Summary · context
In protocol II (n = 5), but not in protocol I (n = 12), exenatide was given in the morning of the repeat meal.
Report a problemFND-2141154620

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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