Intraocular expression of thymosin β4 in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Wang JY, Lu Q, Tao Y, Jiang YR, Jonas JB

Acta ophthalmologica18 Feb 2011Cited by 12 (Europe PMC)

PMID21332672DOI10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02114.xPepBankPUB-21332672

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study7

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured7

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, vitreous levels of the body's own thymosin beta‑4 were significantly higher than in controls with non-diabetic pre-retinal membranes (p =0.04).
In plain wordsPeople with proliferative diabetic retinopathy had higher levels of the body's own thymosin beta‑4 in the eye fluid than controls.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseVitreous TB4 concentration in proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Study
n = 86
Comparator
Non-diabetic pre-retinal membranes (control group)
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Source sentences
Summary
In the clinical study part, the vitreal and plasma thymosin β4 concentrations were significantly higher in the study group than control group (p =0.04 and p=0.01, respectively), and were significantly (p=0.028) correlated with each other.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The clinical study part included 62 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (study group) and 24 patients with non-diabetic pre-retinal membranes (control group).
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2133267201
02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, plasma levels of the body's own thymosin beta‑4 were significantly higher than in controls (p=0.01).
In plain wordsPeople with proliferative diabetic retinopathy had higher levels of the body's own thymosin beta‑4 in blood than controls.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreasePlasma TB4 concentration in proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Study
n = 86
Comparator
Non-diabetic pre-retinal membranes (control group)
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Source sentences
Summary
In the clinical study part, the vitreal and plasma thymosin β4 concentrations were significantly higher in the study group than control group (p =0.04 and p=0.01, respectively), and were significantly (p=0.028) correlated with each other.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The clinical study part included 62 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (study group) and 24 patients with non-diabetic pre-retinal membranes (control group).
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2133267202
03HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and controls, vitreous and plasma levels of the body's own thymosin beta‑4 were significantly correlated (p=0.028).
In plain wordsIn people with eye disease and controls, natural thymosin beta‑4 levels in eye fluid and in blood were linked.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableCorrelation of vitreous and plasma TB4
Study
n = 86
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Source sentences
Summary
In the clinical study part, the vitreal and plasma thymosin β4 concentrations were significantly higher in the study group than control group (p =0.04 and p=0.01, respectively), and were significantly (p=0.028) correlated with each other.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The clinical study part included 62 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (study group) and 24 patients with non-diabetic pre-retinal membranes (control group).
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2133267203
04HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In diabetic fibrovascular membranes from patients, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 was co-expressed with the endothelial marker CD31.
In plain wordsIn eye membranes from people with diabetic eye disease, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 appeared together with a blood vessel cell marker.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableCo-expression of TB4 and CD31 in fibrovascular membranes
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Source sentences
Summary
Co-expression of thymosin β4 and CD31 was observed in the diabetic fibrovascular membranes.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We examined the thymosin β4 concentration in vitreous and plasma; and the expression of thymosin β4, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CD31 (PECAM-1 or Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule) and the levels of thymosin β4 mRNA and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in the excised membranes.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2133267204
05HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
Thymosin beta‑4 mRNA levels were significantly higher in diabetic membranes than in non-diabetic membranes (p<0.01).
In plain wordsEye membranes from people with diabetes had higher levels of the body's own thymosin beta‑4 messenger RNA than non-diabetic membranes.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseTB4 mRNA in diabetic membranes
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Non-diabetic membranes
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin β4 mRNA and VEGF mRNA levels were significantly (p<0.01) higher in diabetic membranes than in non-diabetic membranes.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We examined the thymosin β4 concentration in vitreous and plasma; and the expression of thymosin β4, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CD31 (PECAM-1 or Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule) and the levels of thymosin β4 mRNA and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in the excised membranes.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2133267205
06AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, retinal thymosin beta‑4 mRNA was significantly higher than in control animals (p<0.01).
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 messenger RNA in the retina was higher than in rats without diabetes.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseRetinal TB4 mRNA in diabetic rats
Study
ratn = 48
Streptozotocin-induced diabetes
Comparator
Age-matched control animals without diabetes
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Source sentences
Summary
The mRNA levels of thymosin β4, VEGF and GFAP were significantly (p<0.01) higher in diabetic rats than in control animals.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The experimental study part consisted of 24 Sprague--Dawley rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus and 24 age-matched control animals without diabetes.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2133267207
07AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, thymosin beta‑4 co-localized with GFAP in the retina.
In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 appeared in the retina together with a glial cell marker.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableCo-localization of TB4 and GFAP in diabetic rat retina
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Streptozotocin-induced diabetes
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Source sentences
Summary
In the experimental study part, the diabetic retinas showed co-localization of thymosin β4 and GFAP.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The experimental study part consisted of 24 Sprague--Dawley rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus and 24 age-matched control animals without diabetes.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2133267206

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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