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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2011

6 results

The glucose-lowering potential of exendin-4 orally delivered via a pH-sensitive nanoparticle vehicle and effects on subsequent insulin secretion in vivo.

Nguyen HN, Wey SP, Juang JH, Sonaje K, Ho YC, Chuang EY, Hsu CW, Yen TC, Lin KJ, Sung HW

Biomaterials21 Jan 2011Cited by 83 (Europe PMC)

PMID21256586 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.12.044 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-21256586
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

5 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics

    In rats, radiolabeled exendin‑4 radioactivity entered circulation after gastrointestinal transit and was later excreted into the bladder.

    In plain wordsIn rats, labeled exendin‑4 radioactivity entered the blood after gut transit and later reached the bladder.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Not applicableRadiolabeled drug distribution and elimination
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Rats
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The results showed that the radioactivity of (123)I-exendin-4 propagated from the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine and then was absorbed into the systemic circulation; with time progressing, (123)I-exendin-4 was metabolized and excreted into the urinary bladder.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this study, an orally available exendin-4 formulation, using an enteric-coated capsule containing pH-responsive NPs, was developed.
    Summary · context
    Following oral administration of (123)I-labeled-exendin-4 loaded NPs in rats, the biodistribution of the administered drug was investigated using a dual isotope dynamic SPECT/CT scanner.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics

    In rats, oral nanoparticle exendin‑4 reached maximum plasma concentration at 5 h.

    In plain wordsIn rats, oral nanoparticle exendin‑4 reached its highest blood concentration at 5 h.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Not applicableTime to maximum plasma concentration
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Rats
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (rat).

    Measurements

    Time to maximum concentration
    5 h
    oral capsule

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Oral administration of the capsule containing exendin-4 loaded NPs showed a maximum plasma concentration at 5 h after treatment; the bioavailability, relative to its subcutaneous counterpart, was found to be 14.0 ± 1.8%.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this study, an orally available exendin-4 formulation, using an enteric-coated capsule containing pH-responsive NPs, was developed.
    Summary · context
    Following oral administration of (123)I-labeled-exendin-4 loaded NPs in rats, the biodistribution of the administered drug was investigated using a dual isotope dynamic SPECT/CT scanner.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics

    In rats, oral nanoparticle exendin‑4 had relative bioavailability of 14.0 ± 1.8% versus subcutaneous dosing.

    In plain wordsIn rats, oral nanoparticle exendin‑4 had 14.0 ± 1.8% availability compared with injection under the skin.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Not applicableRelative bioavailability
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Rats
    Comparator
    Subcutaneous exendin-4
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (rat).

    Measurements

    Relative bioavailability
    14%
    versus subcutaneous

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Oral administration of the capsule containing exendin-4 loaded NPs showed a maximum plasma concentration at 5 h after treatment; the bioavailability, relative to its subcutaneous counterpart, was found to be 14.0 ± 1.8%.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this study, an orally available exendin-4 formulation, using an enteric-coated capsule containing pH-responsive NPs, was developed.
    Summary · context
    Following oral administration of (123)I-labeled-exendin-4 loaded NPs in rats, the biodistribution of the administered drug was investigated using a dual isotope dynamic SPECT/CT scanner.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats, absorbed oral nanoparticle exendin‑4 stimulated insulin secretion.

    In plain wordsIn rats, absorbed oral nanoparticle exendin‑4 stimulated insulin release.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseInsulin secretion
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Rats
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The absorbed exendin-4 could then stimulate the insulin secretion and provide a prolonged glucose-lowering effect.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this study, an orally available exendin-4 formulation, using an enteric-coated capsule containing pH-responsive NPs, was developed.
    Summary · context
    Following oral administration of (123)I-labeled-exendin-4 loaded NPs in rats, the biodistribution of the administered drug was investigated using a dual isotope dynamic SPECT/CT scanner.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats, absorbed oral nanoparticle exendin‑4 provided a prolonged glucose-lowering effect.

    In plain wordsIn rats, absorbed oral nanoparticle exendin‑4 produced a prolonged reduction in blood sugar.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseGlucose lowering
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Rats
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The absorbed exendin-4 could then stimulate the insulin secretion and provide a prolonged glucose-lowering effect.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this study, an orally available exendin-4 formulation, using an enteric-coated capsule containing pH-responsive NPs, was developed.
    Summary · context
    Following oral administration of (123)I-labeled-exendin-4 loaded NPs in rats, the biodistribution of the administered drug was investigated using a dual isotope dynamic SPECT/CT scanner.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone1

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  1. 06AnimalNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In rats, the exendin‑4 capsule remained intact in the stomach and dissolved completely in the proximal small intestine.

    In plain wordsIn rats, the exendin‑4 capsule stayed intact in the stomach and dissolved in the upper small intestine.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Not applicableCapsule dissolution
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Rats
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the in vivo dissolution study, it was found that the enteric-coated capsule remained intact while in the stomach; the capsule was completely dissolved in the proximal segment of the small intestine and the loaded contents were then released.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this study, an orally available exendin-4 formulation, using an enteric-coated capsule containing pH-responsive NPs, was developed.
    Summary · context
    Following oral administration of (123)I-labeled-exendin-4 loaded NPs in rats, the biodistribution of the administered drug was investigated using a dual isotope dynamic SPECT/CT scanner.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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