Thymosin β4 expression correlates with lymph node metastasis through hypoxia inducible factor-α induction in breast cancer.

Yoon SY, Lee HR, Park Y, Kim JH, Kim SY, Yoon SR, Lee WJ, Cho BJ, Min H, Bang JW, Park H, Bang SI, Cho D

Oncology reports1 Jan 2011Cited by 21 (Europe PMC)

PMID21109953PepBankPUB-21109953

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured6

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyMechanism
In human breast carcinoma, high expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α correlated strongly with thymosin beta‑4 expression.
In plain wordsIn breast cancer samples, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 was linked to higher HIF-1α and HIF-2α levels.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseCorrelation of Tβ4 with HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression
Study
n = 70
human breast carcinoma tissue
Outcome group
Gene expression · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
We show that high expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α strongly correlates with Tβ4 expression (P≤0.0001) and overexpression of Tβ4 correlates significantly with patients with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05) of human breast cancer.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We examined HIF-1α, HIF-2α and Tβ4 expressions in clinical human breast carcinoma (n=70) by immunohistochemistry.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2110995301
02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyMechanism
In human breast carcinoma, thymosin beta‑4 overexpression correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis.
In plain wordsIn breast cancer samples, higher levels of the body's own thymosin beta‑4 were linked to lymph node spread.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseCorrelation of Tβ4 overexpression with lymph node metastasis
Study
n = 70
human breast carcinoma tissue
Outcome group
Gene expression · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
We show that high expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α strongly correlates with Tβ4 expression (P≤0.0001) and overexpression of Tβ4 correlates significantly with patients with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05) of human breast cancer.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We examined HIF-1α, HIF-2α and Tβ4 expressions in clinical human breast carcinoma (n=70) by immunohistochemistry.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2110995302
03LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In breast cancer cells, hypoxia up-regulated intracellular thymosin beta‑4 protein.
In plain wordsIn breast cancer cells in a dish, low oxygen raised the cells' own thymosin beta‑4 protein.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseIntracellular Tβ4 protein under hypoxia
Study
humann: not reported in source
breast cancer cells
Outcome group
Gene expression · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Additionally, we demonstrate that hypoxia up-regulates intracellular Tβ4 protein, which then affects HIF-α activity, which is the key in regulating VEGF expression.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2110995303
04LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In breast cancer cells, Tβ4 shRNA lentivirus reduced hypoxia-induced intracellular thymosin beta‑4 and HIF-α activities.
In plain wordsIn breast cancer cells in a dish, lowering the cells' own thymosin beta‑4 reduced HIF-α activity under low oxygen.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseHIF-α activity after Tβ4 shRNA
Study
humann: not reported in source
breast cancer cells
Outcome group
Gene expression · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
We confirmed that hypoxia-induced intracellular Tβ4 and HIF-α activities were reduced by interference of Tβ4 expression using Tβ4 shRNA lentivirus.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2110995304
05LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In breast cancer cells, Tβ4 knockdown down-regulated VEGF-A.
In plain wordsIn breast cancer cells in a dish, lowering the cells' own thymosin beta‑4 reduced VEGF-A.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseVEGF-A after Tβ4 knockdown
Study
humann: not reported in source
breast cancer cells
Outcome group
Gene expression · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Vascular epidermal growth factor (VEGF)-A, a well-recognized lymphangiogenic cytokine, was also down-regulated, but VEGF-C and VEGF-D expressions were not affected.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2110995305
06LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In breast cancer cells, Tβ4 knockdown did not affect VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression.
In plain wordsIn breast cancer cells in a dish, lowering the cells' own thymosin beta‑4 did not change VEGF-C or VEGF-D.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changeVEGF-C and VEGF-D after Tβ4 knockdown
Study
humann: not reported in source
breast cancer cells
Outcome group
Gene expression · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Vascular epidermal growth factor (VEGF)-A, a well-recognized lymphangiogenic cytokine, was also down-regulated, but VEGF-C and VEGF-D expressions were not affected.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2110995306

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

MeSH terms

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