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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2010

4 results

Effect of toll-like receptor activation on thymosin beta-4 production by chicken macrophages.

Kannan L, Rath NC, Liyanage R, Lay JO Jr

Molecular and cellular biochemistry8 Jul 2010Cited by 13 (Europe PMC)

PMID20614231 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1007/s11010-010-0528-0 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-20614231
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured4

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Other

    In chicken macrophage cells, the TLR agonists peptidoglycan or lipopolysaccharide depleted cellular Tbeta4 at 24 h.

    In plain wordsIn chicken immune cells in the lab, bacterial agonists lowered the cell's own thymosin beta‑4 content.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseCellular Tbeta4 after TLR agonist stimulation
    Study

    chickenn: not reported in source

    HTC chicken macrophage cell line
    Comparator
    Untreated cells
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    TLR agonists such as peptidoglycan (PGN) or lipopolysacharide (LPS) caused depletions in cellular Tβ4 peptide
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A naturally transformed chicken macrophage cell line HTC was treated with different TLR agonists and the cellular Tβ4 changes was determined at 6 and 24 h after stimulations using stable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and mass spectrometry.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Other

    In chicken macrophage cells, TLR agonists led to detection of Tbeta4 in the culture supernatant at 24 h.

    In plain wordsIn chicken immune cells in the lab, bacterial agonists led to the cell's own thymosin beta‑4 appearing in the culture fluid.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseTbeta4 in cell culture supernatant after TLR agonist stimulation
    Study

    chickenn: not reported in source

    HTC chicken macrophage cell line
    Comparator
    Untreated cells
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    along with its detection in the cell culture supernatant at 24 h.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A naturally transformed chicken macrophage cell line HTC was treated with different TLR agonists and the cellular Tβ4 changes was determined at 6 and 24 h after stimulations using stable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and mass spectrometry.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Other

    In chicken macrophage cells, TLR agonists failed to modulate the Tbeta4 gene at 6 h, although they induced interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 and nitric oxide synthase genes.

    In plain wordsIn chicken immune cells in the lab, bacterial agonists did not change the body's own thymosin beta‑4 gene activity at 6 hours.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    No significant changeTbeta4 gene expression at 6 h after TLR agonist stimulation
    Study

    chickenn: not reported in source

    HTC chicken macrophage cell line
    Comparator
    Untreated cells
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    These TLR agonists also induced the expression of interleukins-1β, -6, and nitric oxide synthase genes at 6 h but failed to modulate Tβ4 gene at that time point indicating that the Tβ4 externalization was not associated with its production.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A naturally transformed chicken macrophage cell line HTC was treated with different TLR agonists and the cellular Tβ4 changes was determined at 6 and 24 h after stimulations using stable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and mass spectrometry.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Other

    In chicken macrophage cells, the TLR agonists that depleted intracellular Tbeta4 at 24 h also increased lactate dehydrogenase in the conditioned media, suggesting that extracellular Tbeta4 most likely came from dying macrophages.

    In plain wordsIn chicken immune cells in the lab, the agonists that lowered the cell's own thymosin beta‑4 also raised a cell-damage marker in the culture fluid.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseCell damage (LDH in conditioned media) with Tbeta4 depletion
    Study

    chickenn: not reported in source

    HTC chicken macrophage cell line
    Comparator
    Untreated cells
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The results showed that the TLR agonists which induced depletion of intracellular Tβ4 at 24 h also increased the LDH content of the conditioned media, suggesting that the Tβ4 in the extracellular media most likely originated from dying macrophages.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

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