Gene expression in hypothalamus, liver, and adipose tissues and food intake response to melanocortin-4 receptor agonist in pigs expressing melanocortin-4 receptor mutations.

Barb CR, Hausman GJ, Rekaya R, Lents CA, Lkhagvadorj S, Qu L, Cai W, Couture OP, Anderson LL, Dekkers JC, Tuggle CK

Physiological genomics9 Mar 2010Cited by 18 (Europe PMC)

PMID20215418DOI10.1152/physiolgenomics.00006.2010PepBankPUB-20215418

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In pigs, intracerebroventricular NDP-MSH suppressed food intake at 12 and 24 h after treatment in all animals.
In plain wordsIn pigs, NDP-MSH given into the brain reduced food intake over 24 hours in all animals.
Peptide
Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
Outcome
DecreaseFood intake at 12 and 24 h
Study
pign = 36
Pigs with MC4R D298N genotypes (D298, N298 or heterozygous)
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intracerebroventricularAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
NDP-MSH suppressed (P < 0.004) FI at 12 and 24 h in all animals after treatment.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Transcriptional profiling was used to identify genes and pathways that responded to intracerebroventricular injection of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist [Nle(4), d-Phe(7)]-α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH) in pigs homozygous for the missense mutation in the MC4R, D298 allele (n = 12)…
Report a problemFND-2021541801
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In pigs, NDP-MSH changed the expression of 278 genes in the hypothalamus.
In plain wordsIn pigs, NDP-MSH changed the activity of many genes in the brain region called the hypothalamus.
Peptide
Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
Outcome
MixedDifferentially expressed genes in hypothalamus
Study
pign = 36
Pigs with MC4R D298N genotypes (D298, N298 or heterozygous)
Outcome group
Gene expression · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intracerebroventricularAs given in this study (pig).
Measurements
Differentially expressed genes
278 genes
hypothalamus
Source sentences
Summary
In response to NDP-MSH, 278 genes in hypothalamus (q ≤ 0.07, P ≤ 0.001), 249 genes in liver (q ≤ 0.07, P ≤ 0.001), and 5,066 genes in fat (q ≤ 0.07, P ≤ 0.015) were differentially expressed.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Transcriptional profiling was used to identify genes and pathways that responded to intracerebroventricular injection of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist [Nle(4), d-Phe(7)]-α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH) in pigs homozygous for the missense mutation in the MC4R, D298 allele (n = 12)…
Report a problemFND-2021541802
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In pigs, NDP-MSH changed the expression of 249 genes in the liver.
In plain wordsIn pigs, NDP-MSH changed the activity of many genes in the liver.
Peptide
Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
Outcome
MixedDifferentially expressed genes in liver
Study
pign = 36
Pigs with MC4R D298N genotypes (D298, N298 or heterozygous)
Outcome group
Gene expression · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intracerebroventricularAs given in this study (pig).
Measurements
Differentially expressed genes
249 genes
liver
Source sentences
Summary
In response to NDP-MSH, 278 genes in hypothalamus (q ≤ 0.07, P ≤ 0.001), 249 genes in liver (q ≤ 0.07, P ≤ 0.001), and 5,066 genes in fat (q ≤ 0.07, P ≤ 0.015) were differentially expressed.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Transcriptional profiling was used to identify genes and pathways that responded to intracerebroventricular injection of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist [Nle(4), d-Phe(7)]-α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH) in pigs homozygous for the missense mutation in the MC4R, D298 allele (n = 12)…
Report a problemFND-2021541803
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In pigs, NDP-MSH changed the expression of 5,066 genes in back-fat tissue.
In plain wordsIn pigs, NDP-MSH changed the activity of thousands of genes in fat tissue.
Peptide
Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
Outcome
MixedDifferentially expressed genes in back fat
Study
pign = 36
Pigs with MC4R D298N genotypes (D298, N298 or heterozygous)
Outcome group
Gene expression · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intracerebroventricularAs given in this study (pig).
Measurements
Differentially expressed genes
5066 genes
back fat
Source sentences
Summary
In response to NDP-MSH, 278 genes in hypothalamus (q ≤ 0.07, P ≤ 0.001), 249 genes in liver (q ≤ 0.07, P ≤ 0.001), and 5,066 genes in fat (q ≤ 0.07, P ≤ 0.015) were differentially expressed.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Transcriptional profiling was used to identify genes and pathways that responded to intracerebroventricular injection of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist [Nle(4), d-Phe(7)]-α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH) in pigs homozygous for the missense mutation in the MC4R, D298 allele (n = 12)…
Report a problemFND-2021541804
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In pigs, NDP-MSH downregulated genes involved in cell communication, nucleotide metabolism and signal transduction in the hypothalamus.
In plain wordsIn pigs, NDP-MSH turned down brain genes for cell communication, nucleotide metabolism and signal transduction.
Peptide
Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
Outcome
DecreaseHypothalamic pathways: cell communication, nucleotide metabolism, signal transduction
Study
pign = 36
Pigs with MC4R D298N genotypes (D298, N298 or heterozygous)
Outcome group
Gene expression · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intracerebroventricularAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
Pathway analysis of NDP-MSH-induced differentially expressed genes indicated that genes involved in cell communication, nucleotide metabolism, and signal transduction were prominently downregulated in the hypothalamus.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Transcriptional profiling was used to identify genes and pathways that responded to intracerebroventricular injection of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist [Nle(4), d-Phe(7)]-α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH) in pigs homozygous for the missense mutation in the MC4R, D298 allele (n = 12)…
Report a problemFND-2021541805
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In pigs, NDP-MSH downregulated energy-intensive biosynthetic and catabolic processes in both liver and adipose tissue.
In plain wordsIn pigs, NDP-MSH turned down genes for energy-demanding processes in liver and fat tissue.
Peptide
Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
Outcome
DecreaseEnergy-intensive biosynthetic and catabolic gene processes in liver and adipose tissue
Study
pign = 36
Pigs with MC4R D298N genotypes (D298, N298 or heterozygous)
Outcome group
Gene expression · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intracerebroventricularAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
In both liver and adipose tissue, energy-intensive biosynthetic and catabolic processes were downregulated in response to NDP-MSH.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Transcriptional profiling was used to identify genes and pathways that responded to intracerebroventricular injection of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist [Nle(4), d-Phe(7)]-α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH) in pigs homozygous for the missense mutation in the MC4R, D298 allele (n = 12)…
Report a problemFND-2021541806
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In pigs, NDP-MSH downregulated genes for steroid and lipid biosynthesis, fatty acid synthesis and amino acid synthesis in liver and adipose tissue.
In plain wordsIn pigs, NDP-MSH turned down genes for making steroids, fats and amino acids in liver and fat tissue.
Peptide
Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
Outcome
DecreaseSteroid, lipid, fatty acid and amino acid synthesis genes
Study
pign = 36
Pigs with MC4R D298N genotypes (D298, N298 or heterozygous)
Outcome group
Gene expression · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intracerebroventricularAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
In both liver and adipose tissue, energy-intensive biosynthetic and catabolic processes were downregulated in response to NDP-MSH. This included genes encoding for biosynthetic pathways such as steroid and lipid biosynthesis, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid synthesis.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Transcriptional profiling was used to identify genes and pathways that responded to intracerebroventricular injection of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist [Nle(4), d-Phe(7)]-α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH) in pigs homozygous for the missense mutation in the MC4R, D298 allele (n = 12)…
Report a problemFND-2021541807
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In pigs, NDP-MSH upregulated genes for oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport and ATP synthesis.
In plain wordsIn pigs, NDP-MSH turned up genes that make energy directly, such as ATP synthesis.
Peptide
Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
Outcome
IncreaseDirect energy-generating gene processes (oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport, ATP synthesis)
Study
pign = 36
Pigs with MC4R D298N genotypes (D298, N298 or heterozygous)
Outcome group
Gene expression · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intracerebroventricularAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
Genes involved in direct energy-generating processes, such as oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport, and ATP synthesis, were upregulated, whereas TCA-associated genes were prominently downregulated in NDP-MSH-treated pigs.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Transcriptional profiling was used to identify genes and pathways that responded to intracerebroventricular injection of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist [Nle(4), d-Phe(7)]-α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH) in pigs homozygous for the missense mutation in the MC4R, D298 allele (n = 12)…
Report a problemFND-2021541808
09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In pigs, NDP-MSH downregulated TCA-associated genes.
In plain wordsIn pigs, NDP-MSH turned down genes of the TCA cycle, a part of energy metabolism.
Peptide
Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
Outcome
DecreaseTCA-associated gene expression
Study
pign = 36
Pigs with MC4R D298N genotypes (D298, N298 or heterozygous)
Outcome group
Gene expression · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intracerebroventricularAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
Genes involved in direct energy-generating processes, such as oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport, and ATP synthesis, were upregulated, whereas TCA-associated genes were prominently downregulated in NDP-MSH-treated pigs.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Transcriptional profiling was used to identify genes and pathways that responded to intracerebroventricular injection of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist [Nle(4), d-Phe(7)]-α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH) in pigs homozygous for the missense mutation in the MC4R, D298 allele (n = 12)…
Report a problemFND-2021541809

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.

Gene expression in hypothalamus, liver, and adipose tissues and food intake response to melanocortin-4 receptor agonist in pigs expressing melanocortin-4 receptor mutations.

Summary

Results from this study9

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords