Thymosin β4 has tumor suppressive effects and its decreased expression results in poor prognosis and decreased survival in multiple myeloma.

Caers J, Hose D, Kuipers I, Bos TJ, Van Valckenborgh E, Menu E, De Bruyne E, Goldschmidt H, Van Camp B, Klein B, Vanderkerken K

Haematologica14 Oct 2009Cited by 20 (Europe PMC)

PMID19833631PMCIDPMC2805724DOI10.3324/haematol.2009.006411PepBankPUB-19833631

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study7

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured3

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, mean Tβ4 expression was lower in myeloma cells than in normal plasma cells.
In plain wordsIn people with multiple myeloma, the body's own Tβ4 level was lower in myeloma cells than in normal plasma cells.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTβ4 expression in myeloma cells versus normal plasma cells
Study
n = 298
Comparator
Normal plasma cells
Outcome group
Cancer biomarkers and prognosis · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Mean Tbeta4 expression was significantly lower in myeloma cells compared to normal plasma cells (P<0.001).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We evaluated its expression and function in 298 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and the murine 5TMM model.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-1983363101
02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In myeloma patients treated with high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation, Tβ4 expression below the median was associated with shorter event-free survival.
In plain wordsIn people with myeloma after stem cell transplant, lower body's own Tβ4 levels were linked to a shorter time without relapse or other events.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseEvent-free survival by Tβ4 expression after transplantation
Study
n = 209
Comparator
Tβ4 expression above the median
Outcome group
Cancer biomarkers and prognosis · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
In 209 MM patients treated with high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation, expression of Tbeta4 below the median was associated with a significantly shorter event free survival (37.6 vs. 26.2 months, P<0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We evaluated its expression and function in 298 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and the murine 5TMM model.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-1983363107
03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the 5TMM mouse myeloma model, Tβ4 expression was also lower in myeloma cells, by qRT-PCR and ELISA.
In plain wordsIn mice with myeloma, the body's own Tβ4 level was also lower in myeloma cells.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTβ4 expression in 5TMM mouse myeloma
Study
mousen: not reported in source
5TMM myeloma mouse model
Outcome group
Cancer biomarkers and prognosis · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
The same observation can be made in the 5TMM-mouse model by qRT-PCR and ELISA.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We evaluated its expression and function in 298 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and the murine 5TMM model.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-1983363102

Studies that did not test the peptide alone4

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

04AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
Mice injected with Tβ4-overexpressing myeloma cells survived longer than mice injected with control cells.
In plain wordsIn mice, those given myeloma cells that made more Tβ4 lived longer than mice given control cells.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseSurvival of mice with Tβ4-overexpressing myeloma cells
Study
mousen: not reported in source
5T33MM myeloma cell injection model
Comparator
Mice injected with control cells
Outcome group
Cancer biomarkers and prognosis · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Mice injected with Tbeta4 over-expressing myeloma cells showed a longer survival compared to mice injected with controls (88,9 vs. 65,9 days, P<0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We evaluated its expression and function in 298 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and the murine 5TMM model.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-1983363106
05LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In 5T33MMvt myeloma cells, lentiviral Tβ4 overexpression significantly decreased proliferative capacity.
In plain wordsIn lab-grown myeloma cells, making the cells produce more Tβ4 reduced how fast they multiplied.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseProliferative capacity of Tβ4-overexpressing myeloma cells
Study
n: not reported in source
5T33MMvt myeloma cells with Tβ4 overexpression
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Tbeta4 overexpression by lentiviral transduction of 5T33MMvt-cells led to significantly decreased proliferative and migratory capacities
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We evaluated its expression and function in 298 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and the murine 5TMM model.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-1983363103
06LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In 5T33MMvt myeloma cells, lentiviral Tβ4 overexpression significantly decreased migratory capacity.
In plain wordsIn lab-grown myeloma cells, making the cells produce more Tβ4 reduced how well they moved.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseMigratory capacity of Tβ4-overexpressing myeloma cells
Study
n: not reported in source
5T33MMvt myeloma cells with Tβ4 overexpression
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Tbeta4 overexpression by lentiviral transduction of 5T33MMvt-cells led to significantly decreased proliferative and migratory capacities
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We evaluated its expression and function in 298 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and the murine 5TMM model.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-1983363104
07LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In 5T33MMvt myeloma cells, lentiviral Tβ4 overexpression increased sensitivity to apoptosis induction.
In plain wordsIn lab-grown myeloma cells, making the cells produce more Tβ4 made them more sensitive to signals that cause cell death.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseSensitivity to apoptosis induction
Study
n: not reported in source
5T33MMvt myeloma cells with Tβ4 overexpression
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
increased sensitivity to apoptosis-induction.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We evaluated its expression and function in 298 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and the murine 5TMM model.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-1983363105

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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