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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2009

4 results

Thymosin beta 4 mRNA and peptide expression in phagocytic cells of different mouse tissues.

Paulussen M, Landuyt B, Schoofs L, Luyten W, Arckens L

Peptides23 Jul 2009Cited by 29 (Europe PMC)

PMID19631707 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.peptides.2009.07.010 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-19631707
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured4

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In mouse brain, Tbeta4 was present in neurons of the olfactory bulb, neocortex, hippocampus, striatum, amygdala, piriform cortex and cerebellum.

    In plain wordsIn mice, the body's own Tbeta4 was found in neurons in many brain regions.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableTbeta4 in brain neurons
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tbeta4 was clearly present in neurons of the olfactory bulb, neocortex, hippocampus, striatum, amygdala, piriform cortex and cerebellum
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We therefore initiated a detailed investigation of the tissue distribution and cellular expression of the Tbeta4 peptide and its precursor mRNA by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In mouse brain, Tbeta4 was present in microglia across the entire brain.

    In plain wordsIn mice, the body's own Tbeta4 was found in microglia across the brain.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableTbeta4 in brain microglia
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and in microglia across the entire brain.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We therefore initiated a detailed investigation of the tissue distribution and cellular expression of the Tbeta4 peptide and its precursor mRNA by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In mice, Tbeta4 localized in cells with many processes inside thymus, spleen, lung, kidney, liver, adrenal gland, stomach and intestine.

    In plain wordsIn mice, the body's own Tbeta4 was found in cells of many organs outside the brain.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableTbeta4 in cells of peripheral organs
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We further localized Tbeta4 in cells, typically with many processes, inside thymus, spleen, lung, kidney, liver, adrenal gland, stomach and intestine.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We therefore initiated a detailed investigation of the tissue distribution and cellular expression of the Tbeta4 peptide and its precursor mRNA by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In mice, Tbeta4 was associated with microglia and macrophages, the differentiated phagocytic cells residing in every tissue.

    In plain wordsIn mice, the body's own Tbeta4 was linked to immune cells that clear debris in every tissue.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableTbeta4 association with microglia and macrophages
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Remarkably, Tbeta4 was thus associated with microglia and macrophages, the differentiated phagocytic cells residing in every tissue.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We therefore initiated a detailed investigation of the tissue distribution and cellular expression of the Tbeta4 peptide and its precursor mRNA by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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