Direct nose-to-brain transfer of a growth hormone releasing neuropeptide, hexarelin after intranasal administration to rabbits.

Yu H, Kim K

International journal of pharmaceutics6 Jun 2009Cited by 21 (Europe PMC)

PMID19501141DOI10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.05.057PepBankPUB-19501141

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rabbits, brain hexarelin levels after intranasal dosing were about 1.6 times those after intravenous dosing.
In plain wordsIn rabbits, nasal hexarelin gave about 1.6 times higher brain levels than the same dose given into a vein.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
IncreaseBrain hexarelin levels, intranasal versus intravenous
Study
rabbitn: not reported in source
Male rabbits
Comparator
Intravenous hexarelin 1 mg/kg
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
1 mg/kg · intranasalAs given in this study (rabbit).
Measurements
Brain level ratio, intranasal versus intravenous
≈ 1.6 times
brain
Source sentences
Summary
The brain and cerebrospinal fluid levels achieved following intranasal administration were approximately 1.6 times greater than those attained after intravenous administration
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Hexarelin was administered intravenously or intranasally to male rabbits at a dose of 1 mg/kg.
Report a problemFND-1950114101
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rabbits, cerebrospinal fluid hexarelin levels after intranasal dosing were about 1.6 times those after intravenous dosing.
In plain wordsIn rabbits, nasal hexarelin gave about 1.6 times higher levels in the brain fluid than the same dose given into a vein.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
IncreaseCerebrospinal fluid hexarelin levels, intranasal versus intravenous
Study
rabbitn: not reported in source
Male rabbits
Comparator
Intravenous hexarelin 1 mg/kg
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
1 mg/kg · intranasalAs given in this study (rabbit).
Measurements
Cerebrospinal fluid level ratio, intranasal versus intravenous
≈ 1.6 times
cerebrospinal fluid
Source sentences
Summary
The brain and cerebrospinal fluid levels achieved following intranasal administration were approximately 1.6 times greater than those attained after intravenous administration
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Hexarelin was administered intravenously or intranasally to male rabbits at a dose of 1 mg/kg.
Report a problemFND-1950114102
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rabbits, plasma hexarelin levels after intranasal dosing were significantly lower than after intravenous dosing.
In plain wordsIn rabbits, nasal hexarelin gave lower blood levels than the same dose given into a vein.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
DecreasePlasma hexarelin levels, intranasal versus intravenous
Study
rabbitn: not reported in source
Male rabbits
Comparator
Intravenous hexarelin 1 mg/kg
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
1 mg/kg · intranasalAs given in this study (rabbit).
Source sentences
Summary
despite the intranasal plasma levels being significantly lower than the intravenous plasma levels.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Hexarelin was administered intravenously or intranasally to male rabbits at a dose of 1 mg/kg.
Report a problemFND-1950114103
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rabbits, intranasal hexarelin gave a regional brain pattern with olfactory bulb above olfactory tract, then the cerebrum regions, then the cerebellum, at 10, 20 and 40 min.
In plain wordsIn rabbits, after nasal dosing hexarelin levels were highest in the smell-related brain areas and lowest in the cerebellum.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
Not applicableRegional brain distribution after intranasal dosing
Study
rabbitn: not reported in source
Male rabbits
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
1 mg/kg · intranasalAs given in this study (rabbit).
Source sentences
Summary
Intranasal administration resulted in significantly different spatial distribution patterns in various regions of brain with the rank order of C(OB)>C(OT)>C(CB1, CB2, CB3)>C(CL) at 10, 20, and 40 min post-dosing
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Hexarelin was administered intravenously or intranasally to male rabbits at a dose of 1 mg/kg.
Report a problemFND-1950114104
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rabbits, intravenous hexarelin yielded nearly similar distribution patterns across brain regions.
In plain wordsIn rabbits, hexarelin given into a vein spread in a nearly similar way across brain regions.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
Not applicableRegional brain distribution after intravenous dosing
Study
rabbitn: not reported in source
Male rabbits
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
1 mg/kg · intravenousAs given in this study (rabbit).
Source sentences
Summary
whereas intravenous administration yielded nearly similar distribution patterns in the brain.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Hexarelin was administered intravenously or intranasally to male rabbits at a dose of 1 mg/kg.
Report a problemFND-1950114105
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rabbits, intranasal dosing into one nostril gave markedly higher hexarelin concentrations in the olfactory bulb and tract on the treated side than on the non-treated side.
In plain wordsIn rabbits, nasal hexarelin in one nostril gave much higher levels in smell-related brain areas on the same side than on the other side.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
IncreaseOlfactory bulb and tract levels, treated versus non-treated side
Study
rabbitn: not reported in source
Male rabbits
Comparator
Non-treated side of the brain
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
1 mg/kg · intranasalAs given in this study (rabbit).
Source sentences
Summary
The intranasal administration into one nostril (left or right) exhibited markedly greater hexarelin concentrations in olfactory bulb and olfactory tract on the treated-side of brain tissues than those on the non-treated-side of the brain hemisphere.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Hexarelin was administered intravenously or intranasally to male rabbits at a dose of 1 mg/kg.
Report a problemFND-1950114106

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

Journal Article

MeSH terms

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