The protective effects of carnosine and melatonin in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat liver.

Baykara B, Tekmen I, Pekcetin C, Ulukus C, Tuncel P, Sagol O, Ormen M, Ozogul C

Acta histochemica12 Jun 2008Cited by 29 (Europe PMC)

PMID18554692DOI10.1016/j.acthis.2008.03.002PepBankPUB-18554692

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study19

10 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, sinusoidal dilatation was less pronounced with carnosine than without treatment.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine reduced liver sinusoidal dilatation compared with untreated ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseSinusoidal dilatation
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
ischemia-reperfusion group
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
250 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Sinusoidal dilatation, congestion and neutrophil infiltration were observed in the ischemia-reperfusion group while these symptoms were less pronounced in the treatment groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
Report a problemFND-1855469201
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, congestion was less pronounced with carnosine than without treatment.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine reduced liver congestion compared with untreated ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseCongestion
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
ischemia-reperfusion group
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
250 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Sinusoidal dilatation, congestion and neutrophil infiltration were observed in the ischemia-reperfusion group while these symptoms were less pronounced in the treatment groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
Report a problemFND-1855469202
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, neutrophil infiltration was less pronounced with carnosine than without treatment.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine reduced neutrophil infiltration compared with untreated liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseNeutrophil infiltration
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
ischemia-reperfusion group
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Liver
Studied dose
250 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Sinusoidal dilatation, congestion and neutrophil infiltration were observed in the ischemia-reperfusion group while these symptoms were less pronounced in the treatment groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
Report a problemFND-1855469203
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, carnosine lowered alanine aminotransferase levels versus the untreated injury group.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine lowered alanine aminotransferase levels compared with untreated liver injury.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseAlanine aminotransferase
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
ischemia-reperfusion group
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
250 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and myeloperoxidase levels were increased in the ischemia-reperfusion group while they were lowered in the treatment groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
Report a problemFND-1855469204
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, carnosine lowered aspartate aminotransferase levels versus the untreated injury group.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine lowered aspartate aminotransferase levels compared with untreated liver injury.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseAspartate aminotransferase
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
ischemia-reperfusion group
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
250 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and myeloperoxidase levels were increased in the ischemia-reperfusion group while they were lowered in the treatment groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
Report a problemFND-1855469205
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, carnosine lowered myeloperoxidase levels versus the untreated injury group.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine lowered myeloperoxidase levels compared with untreated liver injury.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseMyeloperoxidase
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
ischemia-reperfusion group
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Liver
Studied dose
250 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and myeloperoxidase levels were increased in the ischemia-reperfusion group while they were lowered in the treatment groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
Report a problemFND-1855469206
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, glutathione tended to increase with carnosine versus the untreated injury group.
In plain wordsIn rats, glutathione tended to increase with carnosine compared with untreated liver injury.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
IncreaseGlutathione
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
ischemia-reperfusion group
Outcome group
Oxidative stress · Liver
Studied dose
250 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Glutathione level was low in the ischemia-reperfusion group while it tended to increase in the ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine administered and ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine+melatonin administered groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
Report a problemFND-1855469207
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, carnosine lowered apoptotic cell numbers versus the untreated injury group.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine reduced apoptotic cells compared with untreated liver injury.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseApoptotic cells
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
ischemia-reperfusion group
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
250 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
There was an increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the ischemia-reperfusion group while this number was lowered in the treatment groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
Report a problemFND-1855469208
09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats, carnosine reversed liver ischemia-reperfusion structural and biochemical alterations more effectively than melatonin.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine reversed liver injury changes more effectively than melatonin.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseStructural and biochemical alterations
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
melatonin
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
250 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Carnosine was more effective than melatonin in the reversal of structural and biochemical alterations that resulted from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
Report a problemFND-1855469217
10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, carnosine plus melatonin yielded better outcomes than melatonin alone.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine plus melatonin produced better liver injury outcomes than melatonin alone.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
Direction not reportedOverall outcomes with combination versus melatonin
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
melatonin alone
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
250 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The administration of melatonin and carnosine together yielded better outcomes compared to the sole administration of each agent.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
Report a problemFND-1855469218

Studies that did not test the peptide alone9

In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking L-carnosine.

11AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats, carnosine plus melatonin reduced sinusoidal dilatation versus untreated liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine plus melatonin reduced sinusoidal dilatation compared with untreated liver injury.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseSinusoidal dilatation with combination
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
ischemia-reperfusion group
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
Sinusoidal dilatation, congestion and neutrophil infiltration were observed in the ischemia-reperfusion group while these symptoms were less pronounced in the treatment groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-1855469209
12AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats, carnosine plus melatonin reduced congestion versus untreated liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine plus melatonin reduced congestion compared with untreated liver injury.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseCongestion with combination
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
ischemia-reperfusion group
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
Sinusoidal dilatation, congestion and neutrophil infiltration were observed in the ischemia-reperfusion group while these symptoms were less pronounced in the treatment groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-1855469210
13AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats, carnosine plus melatonin reduced neutrophil infiltration versus untreated liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine plus melatonin reduced neutrophil infiltration compared with untreated liver injury.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseNeutrophil infiltration with combination
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
ischemia-reperfusion group
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
Sinusoidal dilatation, congestion and neutrophil infiltration were observed in the ischemia-reperfusion group while these symptoms were less pronounced in the treatment groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-1855469211
14AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats, carnosine plus melatonin lowered alanine aminotransferase versus untreated liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine plus melatonin lowered alanine aminotransferase compared with untreated liver injury.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseAlanine aminotransferase with combination
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
ischemia-reperfusion group
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and myeloperoxidase levels were increased in the ischemia-reperfusion group while they were lowered in the treatment groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-1855469212
15AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats, carnosine plus melatonin lowered aspartate aminotransferase versus untreated liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine plus melatonin lowered aspartate aminotransferase compared with untreated liver injury.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseAspartate aminotransferase with combination
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
ischemia-reperfusion group
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and myeloperoxidase levels were increased in the ischemia-reperfusion group while they were lowered in the treatment groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-1855469213
16AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats, carnosine plus melatonin lowered myeloperoxidase versus untreated liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine plus melatonin lowered myeloperoxidase compared with untreated liver injury.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseMyeloperoxidase with combination
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
ischemia-reperfusion group
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and myeloperoxidase levels were increased in the ischemia-reperfusion group while they were lowered in the treatment groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-1855469214
17AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats, glutathione tended to increase with carnosine plus melatonin versus untreated liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.
In plain wordsIn rats, glutathione tended to increase with carnosine plus melatonin compared with untreated liver injury.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
IncreaseGlutathione with combination
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
ischemia-reperfusion group
Outcome group
Oxidative stress · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
Glutathione level was low in the ischemia-reperfusion group while it tended to increase in the ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine administered and ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine+melatonin administered groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-1855469215
18AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats, carnosine plus melatonin lowered apoptotic cell numbers versus untreated liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine plus melatonin reduced apoptotic cells compared with untreated liver injury.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseApoptotic cells with combination
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
ischemia-reperfusion group
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
There was an increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the ischemia-reperfusion group while this number was lowered in the treatment groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-1855469216
19AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, carnosine plus melatonin yielded better outcomes than carnosine alone.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine plus melatonin produced better liver injury outcomes than carnosine alone.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
Direction not reportedOverall outcomes with combination versus carnosine
Study
ratn: not reported in source
liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Comparator
carnosine alone
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
The administration of melatonin and carnosine together yielded better outcomes compared to the sole administration of each agent.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five study groups were formed; I. sham, II. ischemia-reperfusion, III. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin, IV. ischemia-reperfusion+carnosine, V. ischemia-reperfusion+melatonin+carnosine.
Summary · context
Then 250 mg/kg carnosine and 10 mg/kg melatonin were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia and immediately after the reperfusion.
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-1855469219

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
27 Oct 2026, 18:20 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
27 Oct 2026, 16:32 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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MeSH terms

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