Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of exenatide following alternate routes of administration.

Gedulin BR, Smith PA, Jodka CM, Chen K, Bhavsar S, Nielsen LL, Parkes DG, Young AA

International journal of pharmaceutics17 Jan 2008Cited by 64 (Europe PMC)

PMID18291606DOI10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.01.015PepBankPUB-18291606

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study14

14 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In normoglycemic rats, exenatide elimination kinetics were similar across administration routes.
In plain wordsIn rats, exenatide elimination was similar across administration routes.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
No significant changeElimination kinetics across routes
Study
ratn: not reported in source
normoglycemic rats
Comparator
Other administration routes
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Median elimination rate constant
0.017 min(-1)
all routes
Source sentences
Summary
In rats, elimination kinetics were similar for all routes of administration (median k(e) 0.017 min(-1)).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated the pharmacokinetics of exenatide in normoglycemic rats and biological activity in diabetic db/db mice after delivery to various epithelial surfaces of the intestinal and respiratory tracts.
Report a problemFND-1829160601
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In normoglycemic rats, exenatide bioavailability differed markedly across administration routes relative to intravenous administration.
In plain wordsIn rats, exenatide bioavailability differed across routes compared with intravenous administration.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
MixedBioavailability across routes
Study
ratn: not reported in source
normoglycemic rats
Comparator
Other administration routes
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Bioavailability (versus intravenous administration) and C(max) per unit dose differed markedly.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated the pharmacokinetics of exenatide in normoglycemic rats and biological activity in diabetic db/db mice after delivery to various epithelial surfaces of the intestinal and respiratory tracts.
Report a problemFND-1829160602
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In normoglycemic rats, exenatide peak concentration per unit dose differed markedly across administration routes.
In plain wordsIn rats, exenatide peak concentration per dose differed across administration routes.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
MixedCmax per unit dose across routes
Study
ratn: not reported in source
normoglycemic rats
Comparator
Other administration routes
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Bioavailability (versus intravenous administration) and C(max) per unit dose differed markedly.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated the pharmacokinetics of exenatide in normoglycemic rats and biological activity in diabetic db/db mice after delivery to various epithelial surfaces of the intestinal and respiratory tracts.
Report a problemFND-1829160603
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rats, sublingual exenatide had the highest gastrointestinal bioavailability at 0.37%.
In plain wordsIn rats, sublingual exenatide had the highest bioavailability among gastrointestinal routes.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableSublingual bioavailability
Study
ratn: not reported in source
normoglycemic rats
Comparator
Intravenous administration
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated · sublingualAs given in this study (rat).
Measurements
Bioavailability
0.37%
sublingual
Source sentences
Summary
For gastrointestinal administration, sublingual administration invoked the highest bioavailability (0.37%);
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Bioavailability (versus intravenous administration) and C(max) per unit dose differed markedly.
Summary · context
We investigated the pharmacokinetics of exenatide in normoglycemic rats and biological activity in diabetic db/db mice after delivery to various epithelial surfaces of the intestinal and respiratory tracts.
Report a problemFND-1829160604
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In diabetic db/db mice, sublingual exenatide achieved potentially therapeutic concentrations.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, sublingual exenatide reached potentially therapeutic concentrations.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableSublingual plasma concentrations
Study
mousen: not reported in source
diabetic db/db mice
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated · sublingualAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
For gastrointestinal administration, sublingual administration invoked the highest bioavailability (0.37%); in db/db mice, potentially therapeutic concentrations were obtainable.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated the pharmacokinetics of exenatide in normoglycemic rats and biological activity in diabetic db/db mice after delivery to various epithelial surfaces of the intestinal and respiratory tracts.
Report a problemFND-1829160605
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rats, intraduodenal exenatide bioavailability was low at 0.0053%.
In plain wordsIn rats, exenatide bioavailability through the duodenum was low.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableIntraduodenal bioavailability
Study
ratn: not reported in source
normoglycemic rats
Comparator
Intravenous administration
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intraduodenalAs given in this study (rat).
Measurements
Bioavailability
0.0053%
intraduodenal
Source sentences
Summary
In contrast, intraduodenal bioavailability was low (0.0053%).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Bioavailability (versus intravenous administration) and C(max) per unit dose differed markedly.
Summary · context
We investigated the pharmacokinetics of exenatide in normoglycemic rats and biological activity in diabetic db/db mice after delivery to various epithelial surfaces of the intestinal and respiratory tracts.
Report a problemFND-1829160606
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rats, intratracheal exenatide bioavailability reached up to 13.6%.
In plain wordsIn rats, exenatide bioavailability through the trachea reached up to 13.6%.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableIntratracheal bioavailability
Study
ratn: not reported in source
normoglycemic rats
Comparator
Intravenous administration
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intratrachealAs given in this study (rat).
Measurements
Bioavailability
≤ 13.6%
intratracheal
Source sentences
Summary
In regard to respiratory surfaces, bioavailability of intratracheal exenatide was up to 13.6%, and for nasal administration, 1.68%.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Bioavailability (versus intravenous administration) and C(max) per unit dose differed markedly.
Summary · context
We investigated the pharmacokinetics of exenatide in normoglycemic rats and biological activity in diabetic db/db mice after delivery to various epithelial surfaces of the intestinal and respiratory tracts.
Report a problemFND-1829160607
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rats, nasal exenatide bioavailability was 1.68%.
In plain wordsIn rats, nasal exenatide bioavailability was 1.68%.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableNasal bioavailability
Study
ratn: not reported in source
normoglycemic rats
Comparator
Intravenous administration
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated · nasalAs given in this study (rat).
Measurements
Bioavailability
1.68%
nasal
Source sentences
Summary
In regard to respiratory surfaces, bioavailability of intratracheal exenatide was up to 13.6%, and for nasal administration, 1.68%.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Bioavailability (versus intravenous administration) and C(max) per unit dose differed markedly.
Summary · context
We investigated the pharmacokinetics of exenatide in normoglycemic rats and biological activity in diabetic db/db mice after delivery to various epithelial surfaces of the intestinal and respiratory tracts.
Report a problemFND-1829160608
09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In diabetic db/db mice, intratracheal exenatide produced therapeutic plasma concentrations.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, exenatide through the trachea reached therapeutic plasma concentrations.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableIntratracheal therapeutic plasma concentrations
Study
mousen: not reported in source
diabetic db/db mice
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intratrachealAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Both routes of administration produced therapeutic plasma concentrations and glucose-lowering in db/db mice.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In regard to respiratory surfaces, bioavailability of intratracheal exenatide was up to 13.6%, and for nasal administration, 1.68%.
Summary · context
We investigated the pharmacokinetics of exenatide in normoglycemic rats and biological activity in diabetic db/db mice after delivery to various epithelial surfaces of the intestinal and respiratory tracts.
Report a problemFND-1829160609
10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In diabetic db/db mice, nasal exenatide produced therapeutic plasma concentrations.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, nasal exenatide reached therapeutic plasma concentrations.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableNasal therapeutic plasma concentrations
Study
mousen: not reported in source
diabetic db/db mice
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated · nasalAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Both routes of administration produced therapeutic plasma concentrations and glucose-lowering in db/db mice.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In regard to respiratory surfaces, bioavailability of intratracheal exenatide was up to 13.6%, and for nasal administration, 1.68%.
Summary · context
We investigated the pharmacokinetics of exenatide in normoglycemic rats and biological activity in diabetic db/db mice after delivery to various epithelial surfaces of the intestinal and respiratory tracts.
Report a problemFND-1829160610
11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic db/db mice, intratracheal exenatide lowered glucose.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, exenatide through the trachea lowered blood sugar.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseIntratracheal glucose lowering
Study
mousen: not reported in source
diabetic db/db mice
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intratrachealAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Both routes of administration produced therapeutic plasma concentrations and glucose-lowering in db/db mice.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In regard to respiratory surfaces, bioavailability of intratracheal exenatide was up to 13.6%, and for nasal administration, 1.68%.
Summary · context
We investigated the pharmacokinetics of exenatide in normoglycemic rats and biological activity in diabetic db/db mice after delivery to various epithelial surfaces of the intestinal and respiratory tracts.
Report a problemFND-1829160611
12AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic db/db mice, nasal exenatide lowered glucose.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, nasal exenatide lowered blood sugar.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseNasal glucose lowering
Study
mousen: not reported in source
diabetic db/db mice
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · nasalAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Both routes of administration produced therapeutic plasma concentrations and glucose-lowering in db/db mice.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In regard to respiratory surfaces, bioavailability of intratracheal exenatide was up to 13.6%, and for nasal administration, 1.68%.
Summary · context
We investigated the pharmacokinetics of exenatide in normoglycemic rats and biological activity in diabetic db/db mice after delivery to various epithelial surfaces of the intestinal and respiratory tracts.
Report a problemFND-1829160612
13AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In diabetic db/db mice, aerosolized exenatide at high doses achieved effective concentrations.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, high doses of aerosolized exenatide reached effective concentrations.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableAerosol effective concentrations
Study
mousen: not reported in source
diabetic db/db mice
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
high doses · aerosolAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
At high doses, aerosolized exenatide also achieved effective concentrations and glucose-lowering.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated the pharmacokinetics of exenatide in normoglycemic rats and biological activity in diabetic db/db mice after delivery to various epithelial surfaces of the intestinal and respiratory tracts.
Report a problemFND-1829160613
14AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic db/db mice, aerosolized exenatide at high doses lowered glucose.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, high doses of aerosolized exenatide lowered blood sugar.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseAerosol glucose lowering
Study
mousen: not reported in source
diabetic db/db mice
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
high doses · aerosolAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
At high doses, aerosolized exenatide also achieved effective concentrations and glucose-lowering.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated the pharmacokinetics of exenatide in normoglycemic rats and biological activity in diabetic db/db mice after delivery to various epithelial surfaces of the intestinal and respiratory tracts.
Report a problemFND-1829160614

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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Journal Article

MeSH terms

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