Mathematical modeling shows exenatide improved beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin or metformin and a sulfonylurea.

Mari A, Nielsen LL, Nanayakkara N, DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E, Halseth A

Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme1 Dec 2006Cited by 55 (Europe PMC)

PMID17163361DOI10.1055/s-2006-956505PepBankPUB-17163361

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. 6 results from people.

01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide reduced postprandial glucose excursions.
In plain wordsExenatide reduced blood sugar rises after meals in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreasePostprandial glucose excursions
Study
n = 73
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
5 or 10 microg twice daily · 30 weeksAs given in this study (Human).
Source sentences
Summary
Exenatide reduced postprandial glucose excursions.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Subjects were 63% males, 55+/-10 years, BMI 33+/-6 kg/m2, HbA1C 8.1+/-1.1% (+/- SD) randomized to 5 microg exenatide or placebo twice daily for 4 weeks.
Summary · context
Subsequently, one arm remained at 5 microg twice daily, one arm escalated to 10 microg twice daily, and one treatment arm remained on placebo for 26 weeks.
Summary · context
Subjects continued metformin+/-a sulfonylurea.
Summary · context
A subset with meal tests at baseline and week 30 were analyzed (n=73).
Report a problemFND-1716336101
02HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
A mathematical model predicted an upward shift of the beta-cell dose-response with exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes.
In plain wordsA computer model predicted an upward shift of the beta-cell dose-response with exenatide in people with type 2 diabetes.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseBeta-cell dose-response shift
Study
n = 73
Mathematical model of postprandial beta-cell function
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 30 weeksAs given in this study (Human).
Source sentences
Summary
Modeling predicted an upward shift of the beta-cell dose-response.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Subjects were 63% males, 55+/-10 years, BMI 33+/-6 kg/m2, HbA1C 8.1+/-1.1% (+/- SD) randomized to 5 microg exenatide or placebo twice daily for 4 weeks.
Summary · context
Subsequently, one arm remained at 5 microg twice daily, one arm escalated to 10 microg twice daily, and one treatment arm remained on placebo for 26 weeks.
Summary · context
Subjects continued metformin+/-a sulfonylurea.
Summary · context
A subset with meal tests at baseline and week 30 were analyzed (n=73).
Report a problemFND-1716336102
03HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In a model of patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide increased predicted insulin secretion by 72%, significantly versus placebo.
In plain wordsA model predicted insulin secretion rose 72% with exenatide, significantly more than placebo.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseModel-predicted insulin secretion rate
Study
n = 73
Mathematical model of postprandial beta-cell function
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 microg twice daily · 30 weeksAs given in this study (Human).
Measurements
Predicted insulin secretion rate change
72%
10 microg at week 30
Predicted insulin secretion rate change
−21%
placebo at week 30 (decreased 21%)
Source sentences
Summary
Model-predicted insulin secretion rate at a reference glucose concentration increased 72% (10 microg), increased 40% (5 microg), or decreased 21% (placebo) at week 30 [ p=0.015 (10 microg); p=0.045 (5 microg); vs. placebo].
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Subjects were 63% males, 55+/-10 years, BMI 33+/-6 kg/m2, HbA1C 8.1+/-1.1% (+/- SD) randomized to 5 microg exenatide or placebo twice daily for 4 weeks.
Summary · context
Subsequently, one arm remained at 5 microg twice daily, one arm escalated to 10 microg twice daily, and one treatment arm remained on placebo for 26 weeks.
Summary · context
Subjects continued metformin+/-a sulfonylurea.
Summary · context
A subset with meal tests at baseline and week 30 were analyzed (n=73).
Report a problemFND-1716336103
04HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In a model of patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide increased predicted insulin secretion by 40%, significantly versus placebo.
In plain wordsA model predicted insulin secretion rose 40% with exenatide, significantly more than placebo.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseModel-predicted insulin secretion rate
Study
n = 73
Mathematical model of postprandial beta-cell function
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
5 microg twice daily · 30 weeksAs given in this study (Human).
Measurements
Predicted insulin secretion rate change
40%
5 microg at week 30
Predicted insulin secretion rate change
−21%
placebo at week 30 (decreased 21%)
Source sentences
Summary
Model-predicted insulin secretion rate at a reference glucose concentration increased 72% (10 microg), increased 40% (5 microg), or decreased 21% (placebo) at week 30 [ p=0.015 (10 microg); p=0.045 (5 microg); vs. placebo].
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Subjects were 63% males, 55+/-10 years, BMI 33+/-6 kg/m2, HbA1C 8.1+/-1.1% (+/- SD) randomized to 5 microg exenatide or placebo twice daily for 4 weeks.
Summary · context
Subsequently, one arm remained at 5 microg twice daily, one arm escalated to 10 microg twice daily, and one treatment arm remained on placebo for 26 weeks.
Summary · context
Subjects continued metformin+/-a sulfonylurea.
Summary · context
A subset with meal tests at baseline and week 30 were analyzed (n=73).
Report a problemFND-1716336104
05HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In a model of patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide increased the post-meal to basal potentiation ratio versus placebo.
In plain wordsA model predicted stronger insulin secretion potentiation with exenatide than placebo.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreasePost-meal to basal potentiation ratio
Study
n = 73
Mathematical model of postprandial beta-cell function
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 microg twice daily · 30 weeksAs given in this study (Human).
Measurements
Post-meal to basal potentiation ratio
1.53 ratio
10 microg at week 30
Post-meal to basal potentiation ratio
1.15 ratio
placebo at week 30
Source sentences
Summary
At week 30, the 2-hour post-meal to basal potentiation factor ratio was increased to 1.53+/-0.10 (10 microg; p=0.0142 vs. placebo) or 1.40+/-0.08 (5 microg; p=0.0402 vs. placebo) compared with 1.15+/-0.06 (placebo).
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Subjects were 63% males, 55+/-10 years, BMI 33+/-6 kg/m2, HbA1C 8.1+/-1.1% (+/- SD) randomized to 5 microg exenatide or placebo twice daily for 4 weeks.
Summary · context
Subsequently, one arm remained at 5 microg twice daily, one arm escalated to 10 microg twice daily, and one treatment arm remained on placebo for 26 weeks.
Summary · context
Subjects continued metformin+/-a sulfonylurea.
Summary · context
A subset with meal tests at baseline and week 30 were analyzed (n=73).
Report a problemFND-1716336105
06HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In a model of patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide increased the post-meal to basal potentiation ratio versus placebo.
In plain wordsA model predicted stronger insulin secretion potentiation with exenatide than placebo.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreasePost-meal to basal potentiation ratio
Study
n = 73
Mathematical model of postprandial beta-cell function
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
5 microg twice daily · 30 weeksAs given in this study (Human).
Measurements
Post-meal to basal potentiation ratio
1.4 ratio
5 microg at week 30
Post-meal to basal potentiation ratio
1.15 ratio
placebo at week 30
Source sentences
Summary
At week 30, the 2-hour post-meal to basal potentiation factor ratio was increased to 1.53+/-0.10 (10 microg; p=0.0142 vs. placebo) or 1.40+/-0.08 (5 microg; p=0.0402 vs. placebo) compared with 1.15+/-0.06 (placebo).
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Subjects were 63% males, 55+/-10 years, BMI 33+/-6 kg/m2, HbA1C 8.1+/-1.1% (+/- SD) randomized to 5 microg exenatide or placebo twice daily for 4 weeks.
Summary · context
Subsequently, one arm remained at 5 microg twice daily, one arm escalated to 10 microg twice daily, and one treatment arm remained on placebo for 26 weeks.
Summary · context
Subjects continued metformin+/-a sulfonylurea.
Summary · context
A subset with meal tests at baseline and week 30 were analyzed (n=73).
Report a problemFND-1716336106

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · 1 ongoing · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

Active, not recruitingPhase 4NCT07325435

Beta Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes: Differential Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLIP-Receptor Agonists

MaryAnn Banerjin = 6021 Dec 2024 to est. 30 Jun 2028

Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM)

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 8 Jan 2026

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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