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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2006

10 results

A growth hormone-releasing peptide that binds scavenger receptor CD36 and ghrelin receptor up-regulates sterol transporters and cholesterol efflux in macrophages through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent pathway.

Avallone R, Demers A, Rodrigue-Way A, Bujold K, Harb D, Anghel S, Wahli W, Marleau S, Ong H, Tremblay A

Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)7 Sept 2006Cited by 55 (Europe PMC)

PMID16959872 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1210/me.2006-0146 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-16959872
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study10

10 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In apolipoprotein E-null mice on a lipid-rich diet, hexarelin significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions.

    In plain wordsIn mice prone to atherosclerosis, hexarelin reduced artery plaque lesions.

    Peptide
    Hexarelin
    Outcome
    DecreaseAtherosclerotic lesions
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    apolipoprotein E-null mice on a lipid-rich diet
    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Treatment of apolipoprotein E-null mice maintained on a lipid-rich diet with hexarelin resulted in a significant reduction in atherosclerotic lesions, concomitant with an enhanced expression of PPARgamma and LXRalpha target genes in peritoneal macrophages.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In apolipoprotein E-null mice on a lipid-rich diet, hexarelin enhanced expression of PPARgamma and LXRalpha target genes in peritoneal macrophages.

    In plain wordsIn mice prone to atherosclerosis, hexarelin increased the activity of PPARgamma and LXRalpha target genes in macrophages.

    Peptide
    Hexarelin
    Outcome
    IncreasePPARgamma and LXRalpha target gene expression in peritoneal macrophages
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    apolipoprotein E-null mice on a lipid-rich diet
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Treatment of apolipoprotein E-null mice maintained on a lipid-rich diet with hexarelin resulted in a significant reduction in atherosclerotic lesions, concomitant with an enhanced expression of PPARgamma and LXRalpha target genes in peritoneal macrophages.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In PPARgamma(+/-) macrophages, the response to hexarelin was strongly impaired, indicating that PPARgamma was required.

    In plain wordsIn mouse macrophages with less PPARgamma, the response to hexarelin was much weaker.

    Peptide
    Hexarelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableHexarelin response in PPARgamma(+/-) macrophages
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    PPARgamma(+/-) macrophages
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The response was strongly impaired in PPARgamma(+/-) macrophages, indicating that PPARgamma was required to mediate the effect of hexarelin.
  4. 04LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In macrophages, hexarelin enhanced the expression of the ATP-binding cassette A1 and G1 transporters.

    In plain wordsIn macrophages in the lab, hexarelin increased the expression of two cholesterol transporters.

    Peptide
    Hexarelin
    Outcome
    IncreaseABCA1 and ABCG1 transporter expression
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    macrophages
    Outcome group
    Lipids · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Here we demonstrate the ability of hexarelin, a GH-releasing peptide, to enhance the expression of ATP-binding cassette A1 and G1 transporters and cholesterol efflux in macrophages.
  5. 05LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In macrophages, hexarelin enhanced cholesterol efflux.

    In plain wordsIn macrophages in the lab, hexarelin increased the removal of cholesterol from the cells.

    Peptide
    Hexarelin
    Outcome
    IncreaseCholesterol efflux
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    macrophages
    Outcome group
    Lipids · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Here we demonstrate the ability of hexarelin, a GH-releasing peptide, to enhance the expression of ATP-binding cassette A1 and G1 transporters and cholesterol efflux in macrophages.
  6. 06LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In macrophages, hexarelin binding to CD36 and the ghrelin receptor was linked to transcriptional activation of PPARgamma.

    In plain wordsIn macrophages in the lab, hexarelin binding to its receptors was linked to activation of the PPARgamma protein.

    Peptide
    Hexarelin
    Outcome
    IncreasePPARgamma transcriptional activation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    macrophages
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    These effects were associated with a transcriptional activation of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma in response to binding of hexarelin to CD36 and GH secretagogue-receptor 1a, the receptor for ghrelin.
  7. 07LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In THP-1 macrophages, hexarelin increased phosphorylation of PPARgamma.

    In plain wordsIn macrophage cells in the lab, hexarelin increased phosphorylation of the PPARgamma protein.

    Peptide
    Hexarelin
    Outcome
    IncreasePPARgamma phosphorylation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    THP-1 macrophages
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    phosphorylation of PPARgamma was increased in THP-1 macrophages treated with hexarelin, suggesting that the response to hexarelin may involve PPARgamma activation function-1 activity.
  8. 08LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In macrophages, PPARgamma activation by hexarelin did not increase CD36 expression.

    In plain wordsIn macrophages in the lab, hexarelin did not increase CD36 expression even though it activated PPARgamma.

    Peptide
    Hexarelin
    Outcome
    No significant changeCD36 expression after PPARgamma activation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    macrophages
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, the activation of PPARgamma by hexarelin did not lead to an increase in CD36 expression, as opposed to liver X receptor (LXR)alpha, suggesting a differential regulation of PPARgamma-targeted genes in response to hexarelin.
  9. 09LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In THP-1 macrophages treated with hexarelin, occupancy of the CD36 promoter by PPARgamma was not increased, unlike with a PPARgamma agonist.

    In plain wordsIn macrophage cells in the lab, hexarelin did not increase PPARgamma binding at the CD36 gene promoter.

    Peptide
    Hexarelin
    Outcome
    No significant changePPARgamma occupancy of CD36 promoter
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    THP-1 macrophages
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that, in contrast to a PPARgamma agonist, the occupancy of the CD36 promoter by PPARgamma was not increased in THP-1 macrophages treated with hexarelin, whereas the LXRalpha promoter was strongly occupied by PPARgamma in the same conditions.
  10. 10LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In THP-1 macrophages treated with hexarelin, the LXRalpha promoter was strongly occupied by PPARgamma.

    In plain wordsIn macrophage cells in the lab, hexarelin led to strong PPARgamma binding at the LXRalpha gene promoter.

    Peptide
    Hexarelin
    Outcome
    IncreasePPARgamma occupancy of LXRalpha promoter
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    THP-1 macrophages
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that, in contrast to a PPARgamma agonist, the occupancy of the CD36 promoter by PPARgamma was not increased in THP-1 macrophages treated with hexarelin, whereas the LXRalpha promoter was strongly occupied by PPARgamma in the same conditions.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

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