Exenatide: effect of injection time on postprandial glucose in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Linnebjerg H, Kothare PA, Skrivanek Z, de la Peña A, Atkins M, Ernest CS, Trautmann ME

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association1 Mar 2006Cited by 30 (Europe PMC)

PMID16492205DOI10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01800.xPepBankPUB-16492205

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

8 results from studies that gave the peptide. 8 results from people.

01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, all exenatide injection times reduced postprandial glucose AUC versus placebo.
In plain wordsExenatide reduced post-meal glucose exposure versus placebo at all tested injection times.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreasePostprandial glucose AUC
Study
n = 18
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 microg · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
For all exenatide treatments, incremental postprandial glucose area under the postprandial plasma glucose curve from zero to 6 h (AUC0-6 h) was significantly reduced compared with placebo.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Eighteen patients participated in this single-centre, open-label, placebo-controlled, randomized, six-way crossover study.
Summary · context
Patients received subcutaneous injections of either placebo (-15 min) or 10 microg of exenatide at -60, -15, 0, +30 or +60 min relative to a standardized breakfast meal on six consecutive days.
Report a problemFND-1649220501
02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide before or with the meal reduced peak glucose versus placebo.
In plain wordsExenatide before or with meals lowered peak blood sugar versus placebo.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreasePeak glucose before or with meal
Study
n = 18
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 microg · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
When exenatide was administered before (-60, -15 min) or with the meal (0 min), peak postprandial glucose concentrations were significantly decreased (P < 0.0001 for all treatments) compared with placebo.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Eighteen patients participated in this single-centre, open-label, placebo-controlled, randomized, six-way crossover study.
Summary · context
Patients received subcutaneous injections of either placebo (-15 min) or 10 microg of exenatide at -60, -15, 0, +30 or +60 min relative to a standardized breakfast meal on six consecutive days.
Report a problemFND-1649220502
03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide at +30 minutes reduced peak glucose versus placebo.
In plain wordsExenatide given 30 minutes after meals lowered peak blood sugar versus placebo.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreasePeak glucose with dosing 30 minutes after meal
Study
n = 18
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 microg · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Post-meal exenatide administration (+30, P < 0.05; +60 min, P = 0.21) resulted in smaller peak glucose reductions and in some patients transient low plasma glucose concentrations were reported.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Eighteen patients participated in this single-centre, open-label, placebo-controlled, randomized, six-way crossover study.
Summary · context
Patients received subcutaneous injections of either placebo (-15 min) or 10 microg of exenatide at -60, -15, 0, +30 or +60 min relative to a standardized breakfast meal on six consecutive days.
Report a problemFND-1649220503
04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, peak glucose reduction with exenatide at +60 minutes was not significant versus placebo.
In plain wordsExenatide given 60 minutes after meals did not significantly lower peak blood sugar versus placebo.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
No significant changePeak glucose with dosing 60 minutes after meal
Study
n = 18
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 microg · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Post-meal exenatide administration (+30, P < 0.05; +60 min, P = 0.21) resulted in smaller peak glucose reductions and in some patients transient low plasma glucose concentrations were reported.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Eighteen patients participated in this single-centre, open-label, placebo-controlled, randomized, six-way crossover study.
Summary · context
Patients received subcutaneous injections of either placebo (-15 min) or 10 microg of exenatide at -60, -15, 0, +30 or +60 min relative to a standardized breakfast meal on six consecutive days.
Report a problemFND-1649220504
05HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome
Some patients with type 2 diabetes reported transient low glucose after post-meal exenatide.
In plain wordsSome patients reported temporary low blood sugar after exenatide given after meals.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableTransient low plasma glucose
Study
n = 18
Outcome group
Adverse events · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 microg · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Post-meal exenatide administration (+30, P < 0.05; +60 min, P = 0.21) resulted in smaller peak glucose reductions and in some patients transient low plasma glucose concentrations were reported.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Eighteen patients participated in this single-centre, open-label, placebo-controlled, randomized, six-way crossover study.
Summary · context
Patients received subcutaneous injections of either placebo (-15 min) or 10 microg of exenatide at -60, -15, 0, +30 or +60 min relative to a standardized breakfast meal on six consecutive days.
Report a problemFND-1649220505
06HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, pre-meal exenatide reduced peak plasma insulin versus placebo.
In plain wordsExenatide before meals lowered peak insulin versus placebo.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreasePeak insulin with pre-meal dosing
Study
n = 18
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 microg · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Peak plasma insulin concentrations in the pre-meal treatments were significantly lower than placebo (P < 0.05 for all treatments), while post-meal dosing groups exhibited a trend towards higher insulin peaks compared with placebo.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Eighteen patients participated in this single-centre, open-label, placebo-controlled, randomized, six-way crossover study.
Summary · context
Patients received subcutaneous injections of either placebo (-15 min) or 10 microg of exenatide at -60, -15, 0, +30 or +60 min relative to a standardized breakfast meal on six consecutive days.
Report a problemFND-1649220506
07HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, post-meal exenatide showed a trend toward higher peak insulin versus placebo.
In plain wordsExenatide after meals showed a trend toward higher peak insulin versus placebo.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
No significant changePeak insulin with post-meal dosing
Study
n = 18
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 microg · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Peak plasma insulin concentrations in the pre-meal treatments were significantly lower than placebo (P < 0.05 for all treatments), while post-meal dosing groups exhibited a trend towards higher insulin peaks compared with placebo.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Eighteen patients participated in this single-centre, open-label, placebo-controlled, randomized, six-way crossover study.
Summary · context
Patients received subcutaneous injections of either placebo (-15 min) or 10 microg of exenatide at -60, -15, 0, +30 or +60 min relative to a standardized breakfast meal on six consecutive days.
Report a problemFND-1649220507
08HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome
In patients with type 2 diabetes, the most common exenatide-related adverse events were headache, nausea, dyspepsia and vomiting, generally of mild-to-moderate intensity.
In plain wordsThe most common exenatide-related side effects were headache, nausea, indigestion and vomiting, generally mild to moderate.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableMost common adverse events
Study
n = 18
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Studied dose
10 microg · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The most common adverse events related to exenatide were headache, nausea, dyspepsia and vomiting, and were generally of mild-to-moderate intensity.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Eighteen patients participated in this single-centre, open-label, placebo-controlled, randomized, six-way crossover study.
Summary · context
Patients received subcutaneous injections of either placebo (-15 min) or 10 microg of exenatide at -60, -15, 0, +30 or +60 min relative to a standardized breakfast meal on six consecutive days.
Report a problemFND-1649220508

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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