GH-releasing peptides improve cardiac dysfunction and cachexia and suppress stress-related hormones and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats with heart failure.

Xu XB, Pang JJ, Cao JM, Ni C, Xu RK, Peng XZ, Yu XX, Guo S, Chen MC, Chen C

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology10 Jun 2005Cited by 61 (Europe PMC)

PMID15951341DOI10.1152/ajpheart.01042.2004PepBankPUB-15951341

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study16

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone16

In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Hexarelin.

01AnimalNot a test of Hexarelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with heart failure, pooled GHRP variants (including hexarelin) increased left ventricular ejection fraction.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, a group of four GHRP drugs, including hexarelin, improved the pumping fraction of the heart.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
IncreaseLeft ventricular ejection fraction
Study
ratn: not reported in source
rats with pressure-overload heart failure (abdominal aortic banding)
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
GHRP treatment significantly improved left ventricular (LV) function and remodeling in CHF rats, as indicated by increased LV ejection fraction, LV end-systolic pressure, and diastolic posterior wall thickness and decreased LV end-diastolic pressure and LV end-diastolic dimension.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
At 9 wk after pressure-overload CHF was created by abdominal aortic banding in rats, one of four variants of GHRP (GHRP-1, -2, and -6 and hexarelin, 100 mug/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously twice a day for 3 wk.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-1595134101
02AnimalNot a test of Hexarelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with heart failure, pooled GHRP variants (including hexarelin) increased left ventricular end-systolic pressure.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, a group of four GHRP drugs, including hexarelin, raised left ventricular end-systolic pressure.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
IncreaseLeft ventricular end-systolic pressure
Study
ratn: not reported in source
rats with pressure-overload heart failure (abdominal aortic banding)
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
GHRP treatment significantly improved left ventricular (LV) function and remodeling in CHF rats, as indicated by increased LV ejection fraction, LV end-systolic pressure, and diastolic posterior wall thickness and decreased LV end-diastolic pressure and LV end-diastolic dimension.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
At 9 wk after pressure-overload CHF was created by abdominal aortic banding in rats, one of four variants of GHRP (GHRP-1, -2, and -6 and hexarelin, 100 mug/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously twice a day for 3 wk.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-1595134102
03AnimalNot a test of Hexarelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with heart failure, pooled GHRP variants (including hexarelin) increased diastolic posterior wall thickness.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, a group of four GHRP drugs, including hexarelin, increased the thickness of the heart wall in diastole.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
IncreaseDiastolic posterior wall thickness
Study
ratn: not reported in source
rats with pressure-overload heart failure (abdominal aortic banding)
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
GHRP treatment significantly improved left ventricular (LV) function and remodeling in CHF rats, as indicated by increased LV ejection fraction, LV end-systolic pressure, and diastolic posterior wall thickness and decreased LV end-diastolic pressure and LV end-diastolic dimension.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
At 9 wk after pressure-overload CHF was created by abdominal aortic banding in rats, one of four variants of GHRP (GHRP-1, -2, and -6 and hexarelin, 100 mug/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously twice a day for 3 wk.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-1595134103
04AnimalNot a test of Hexarelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with heart failure, pooled GHRP variants (including hexarelin) decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, a group of four GHRP drugs, including hexarelin, lowered left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
DecreaseLeft ventricular end-diastolic pressure
Study
ratn: not reported in source
rats with pressure-overload heart failure (abdominal aortic banding)
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
GHRP treatment significantly improved left ventricular (LV) function and remodeling in CHF rats, as indicated by increased LV ejection fraction, LV end-systolic pressure, and diastolic posterior wall thickness and decreased LV end-diastolic pressure and LV end-diastolic dimension.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
At 9 wk after pressure-overload CHF was created by abdominal aortic banding in rats, one of four variants of GHRP (GHRP-1, -2, and -6 and hexarelin, 100 mug/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously twice a day for 3 wk.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-1595134104
05AnimalNot a test of Hexarelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with heart failure, pooled GHRP variants (including hexarelin) decreased left ventricular end-diastolic dimension.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, a group of four GHRP drugs, including hexarelin, reduced the size of the left ventricle at the end of diastole.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
DecreaseLeft ventricular end-diastolic dimension
Study
ratn: not reported in source
rats with pressure-overload heart failure (abdominal aortic banding)
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
GHRP treatment significantly improved left ventricular (LV) function and remodeling in CHF rats, as indicated by increased LV ejection fraction, LV end-systolic pressure, and diastolic posterior wall thickness and decreased LV end-diastolic pressure and LV end-diastolic dimension.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
At 9 wk after pressure-overload CHF was created by abdominal aortic banding in rats, one of four variants of GHRP (GHRP-1, -2, and -6 and hexarelin, 100 mug/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously twice a day for 3 wk.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-1595134105
06AnimalNot a test of Hexarelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with heart failure, pooled GHRP variants (including hexarelin) increased body weight and alleviated cardiac cachexia.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, a group of four GHRP drugs, including hexarelin, increased body weight.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
IncreaseBody weight in cardiac cachexia
Study
ratn: not reported in source
rats with pressure-overload heart failure (abdominal aortic banding)
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
GHRP also significantly alleviated development of cardiac cachexia, as shown by increases in body weight and tibial length in CHF rats.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
At 9 wk after pressure-overload CHF was created by abdominal aortic banding in rats, one of four variants of GHRP (GHRP-1, -2, and -6 and hexarelin, 100 mug/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously twice a day for 3 wk.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-1595134106
07AnimalNot a test of Hexarelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with heart failure, pooled GHRP variants (including hexarelin) increased tibial length.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, a group of four GHRP drugs, including hexarelin, increased the length of the shin bone.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
IncreaseTibial length in cardiac cachexia
Study
ratn: not reported in source
rats with pressure-overload heart failure (abdominal aortic banding)
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
GHRP also significantly alleviated development of cardiac cachexia, as shown by increases in body weight and tibial length in CHF rats.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
At 9 wk after pressure-overload CHF was created by abdominal aortic banding in rats, one of four variants of GHRP (GHRP-1, -2, and -6 and hexarelin, 100 mug/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously twice a day for 3 wk.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-1595134107
08AnimalNot a test of Hexarelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats with heart failure, pooled GHRP variants (including hexarelin) decreased plasma catecholamines that were elevated in heart failure.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, a group of four GHRP drugs, including hexarelin, lowered raised stress hormone levels in blood.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
DecreasePlasma catecholamines
Study
ratn: not reported in source
rats with pressure-overload heart failure (abdominal aortic banding)
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Hormone levels · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Plasma CA, renin, ANG II, aldosterone, endothelin-1, and atrial natriuretic peptide were significantly elevated in CHF rats but were significantly decreased in GHRP-treated CHF rats.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
At 9 wk after pressure-overload CHF was created by abdominal aortic banding in rats, one of four variants of GHRP (GHRP-1, -2, and -6 and hexarelin, 100 mug/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously twice a day for 3 wk.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-1595134108
09AnimalNot a test of Hexarelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats with heart failure, pooled GHRP variants (including hexarelin) decreased plasma renin that was elevated in heart failure.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, a group of four GHRP drugs, including hexarelin, lowered raised renin levels in blood.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
DecreasePlasma renin
Study
ratn: not reported in source
rats with pressure-overload heart failure (abdominal aortic banding)
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Hormone levels · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Plasma CA, renin, ANG II, aldosterone, endothelin-1, and atrial natriuretic peptide were significantly elevated in CHF rats but were significantly decreased in GHRP-treated CHF rats.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
At 9 wk after pressure-overload CHF was created by abdominal aortic banding in rats, one of four variants of GHRP (GHRP-1, -2, and -6 and hexarelin, 100 mug/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously twice a day for 3 wk.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-1595134109
10AnimalNot a test of Hexarelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats with heart failure, pooled GHRP variants (including hexarelin) decreased plasma angiotensin II that was elevated in heart failure.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, a group of four GHRP drugs, including hexarelin, lowered raised angiotensin II levels in blood.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
DecreasePlasma angiotensin II
Study
ratn: not reported in source
rats with pressure-overload heart failure (abdominal aortic banding)
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Hormone levels · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Plasma CA, renin, ANG II, aldosterone, endothelin-1, and atrial natriuretic peptide were significantly elevated in CHF rats but were significantly decreased in GHRP-treated CHF rats.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
At 9 wk after pressure-overload CHF was created by abdominal aortic banding in rats, one of four variants of GHRP (GHRP-1, -2, and -6 and hexarelin, 100 mug/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously twice a day for 3 wk.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-1595134110
11AnimalNot a test of Hexarelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats with heart failure, pooled GHRP variants (including hexarelin) decreased plasma aldosterone that was elevated in heart failure.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, a group of four GHRP drugs, including hexarelin, lowered raised aldosterone levels in blood.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
DecreasePlasma aldosterone
Study
ratn: not reported in source
rats with pressure-overload heart failure (abdominal aortic banding)
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Hormone levels · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Plasma CA, renin, ANG II, aldosterone, endothelin-1, and atrial natriuretic peptide were significantly elevated in CHF rats but were significantly decreased in GHRP-treated CHF rats.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
At 9 wk after pressure-overload CHF was created by abdominal aortic banding in rats, one of four variants of GHRP (GHRP-1, -2, and -6 and hexarelin, 100 mug/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously twice a day for 3 wk.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-1595134111
12AnimalNot a test of Hexarelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats with heart failure, pooled GHRP variants (including hexarelin) decreased plasma endothelin-1 that was elevated in heart failure.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, a group of four GHRP drugs, including hexarelin, lowered raised endothelin-1 levels in blood.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
DecreasePlasma endothelin-1
Study
ratn: not reported in source
rats with pressure-overload heart failure (abdominal aortic banding)
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Hormone levels · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Plasma CA, renin, ANG II, aldosterone, endothelin-1, and atrial natriuretic peptide were significantly elevated in CHF rats but were significantly decreased in GHRP-treated CHF rats.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
At 9 wk after pressure-overload CHF was created by abdominal aortic banding in rats, one of four variants of GHRP (GHRP-1, -2, and -6 and hexarelin, 100 mug/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously twice a day for 3 wk.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-1595134112
13AnimalNot a test of Hexarelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats with heart failure, pooled GHRP variants (including hexarelin) decreased plasma atrial natriuretic peptide that was elevated in heart failure.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, a group of four GHRP drugs, including hexarelin, lowered raised atrial natriuretic peptide levels in blood.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
DecreasePlasma atrial natriuretic peptide
Study
ratn: not reported in source
rats with pressure-overload heart failure (abdominal aortic banding)
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Hormone levels · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Plasma CA, renin, ANG II, aldosterone, endothelin-1, and atrial natriuretic peptide were significantly elevated in CHF rats but were significantly decreased in GHRP-treated CHF rats.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
At 9 wk after pressure-overload CHF was created by abdominal aortic banding in rats, one of four variants of GHRP (GHRP-1, -2, and -6 and hexarelin, 100 mug/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously twice a day for 3 wk.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-1595134113
14AnimalNot a test of Hexarelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats with heart failure, pooled GHRP variants (including hexarelin) suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, a group of four GHRP drugs, including hexarelin, reduced heart muscle cell death.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
DecreaseCardiomyocyte apoptosis
Study
ratn: not reported in source
rats with pressure-overload heart failure (abdominal aortic banding)
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
GHRP suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increased cardiac GH secretagogue receptor mRNA expression in CHF rats.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
At 9 wk after pressure-overload CHF was created by abdominal aortic banding in rats, one of four variants of GHRP (GHRP-1, -2, and -6 and hexarelin, 100 mug/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously twice a day for 3 wk.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-1595134114
15AnimalNot a test of Hexarelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats with heart failure, pooled GHRP variants (including hexarelin) increased cardiac GH secretagogue receptor mRNA expression.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, a group of four GHRP drugs, including hexarelin, increased the cardiac mRNA of the GH secretagogue receptor.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
IncreaseCardiac GH secretagogue receptor mRNA expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
rats with pressure-overload heart failure (abdominal aortic banding)
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
GHRP suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increased cardiac GH secretagogue receptor mRNA expression in CHF rats.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
At 9 wk after pressure-overload CHF was created by abdominal aortic banding in rats, one of four variants of GHRP (GHRP-1, -2, and -6 and hexarelin, 100 mug/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously twice a day for 3 wk.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-1595134115
16AnimalNot a test of Hexarelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In hypophysectomized rats with acute myocardial ischemia, pooled GHRP variants (including hexarelin) decreased myocardial creatine kinase release.
In plain wordsIn rats without a pituitary gland and with acute heart ischemia, a group of GHRP drugs, including hexarelin, reduced heart muscle enzyme release.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
DecreaseMyocardial creatine kinase release after acute ischemia
Study
ratn: not reported in source
hypophysectomized rats with acute myocardial ischemia
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
GHRP also decreased myocardial creatine kinase release in hypophysectomized rats subjected to acute myocardial ischemia.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
At 9 wk after pressure-overload CHF was created by abdominal aortic banding in rats, one of four variants of GHRP (GHRP-1, -2, and -6 and hexarelin, 100 mug/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously twice a day for 3 wk.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-1595134116

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 3Current
13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:13 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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