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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rat and mouse · 2004

6 results

Thymosin beta4 increases hair growth by activation of hair follicle stem cells.

Philp D, Nguyen M, Scheremeta B, St-Surin S, Villa AM, Orgel A, Kleinman HK, Elkin M

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology4 Dec 2003Cited by 84 (Europe PMC)

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

5 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    Thymosin beta4 stimulated hair growth in normal rats and mice.

    In plain wordsIn rats and mice, thymosin beta4 stimulated hair growth.

    Outcome
    IncreaseHair growth
    Study

    rat and mousen: not reported in source

    normal rats and mice
    Outcome group
    Skin and hair · Skin and wound
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Here, we report that thymosin beta4 stimulates hair growth in normal rats and mice.
  2. 02LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    Nanomolar concentrations of thymosin beta4 increased migration of rat vibrissa follicle clonogenic keratinocytes.

    In plain wordsIn rat hair follicle cells grown in the lab, thymosin beta4 increased cell migration.

    Outcome
    IncreaseMigration of rat vibrissa follicle keratinocytes
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat vibrissa follicle clonogenic keratinocytes
    Outcome group
    Skin and hair · Skin and wound
    Studied dose
    nanomolar concentrationsAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Rat vibrissa follicle clonogenic keratinocytes, closely related, if not identical, to the bulge-residing stem cells, were isolated and their migration and differentiation increased in the presence of nanomolar concentrations of thymosin beta4.
  3. 03LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    Nanomolar concentrations of thymosin beta4 increased differentiation of rat vibrissa follicle clonogenic keratinocytes.

    In plain wordsIn rat hair follicle cells grown in the lab, thymosin beta4 increased cell differentiation.

    Outcome
    IncreaseDifferentiation of rat vibrissa follicle keratinocytes
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat vibrissa follicle clonogenic keratinocytes
    Outcome group
    Skin and hair · Skin and wound
    Studied dose
    nanomolar concentrationsAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Rat vibrissa follicle clonogenic keratinocytes, closely related, if not identical, to the bulge-residing stem cells, were isolated and their migration and differentiation increased in the presence of nanomolar concentrations of thymosin beta4.
  4. 04LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    Thymosin beta4 increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymosin beta4 increased expression of the enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-2.

    Outcome
    IncreaseMatrix metalloproteinase-2 expression
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Skin and hair · Skin and wound
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Expression and secretion of the extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-2 were increased by thymosin beta4.
  5. 05LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    Thymosin beta4 increased secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymosin beta4 increased secretion of the enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-2.

    Outcome
    IncreaseMatrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Skin and hair · Skin and wound
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Expression and secretion of the extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-2 were increased by thymosin beta4.

Natural levels measured1

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 06AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mouse skin, a subset of hair follicular keratinocytes expressed thymosin beta4 in a coordinated manner during the hair growth cycle.

    In plain wordsIn mouse skin, some hair follicle cells made the body's own thymosin beta4 during the hair growth cycle.

    Outcome
    Not applicableThymosin beta4 expression in hair follicle keratinocytes
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    mouse skin
    Outcome group
    Skin and hair · Skin and wound

    Source sentences

    Summary
    A specific subset of hair follicular keratinocytes in mouse skin expresses thymosin beta4 in a highly coordinated manner during the hair growth cycle.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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