Role of thymosin beta4 in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis.

Cha HJ, Jeong MJ, Kleinman HK

Journal of the National Cancer Institute1 Nov 2003Cited by 170 (Europe PMC)

PMID14625258DOI10.1093/jnci/djg100PepBankPUB-14625258

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured1

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Other
In mouse melanoma cells, thymosin beta‑4 mRNA was expressed in B16-F10 cells derived from lung metastases but not in the B16-F1, B16-F10 or B16-BL6 cell lines.
In plain wordsIn mouse melanoma cells, natural thymosin beta‑4 messenger RNA was found in cells from lung metastases but not in the standard cell lines.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
MixedThymosin beta4 mRNA expression in B16 cells
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Mouse melanoma B16 cell lines and B16-F10 cells derived from metastatic lung tumors
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin beta4 mRNA was expressed in primary cultured B16-F10 cells derived from lung metastases and in B16-F10 cells that had formed lung tumors after being injected into mice but not in the B16-F1, B16-F10, or B16-BL6 cell lines.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to examine thymosin beta4 expression in mouse melanoma B16 cell lines and in B16-F10 cells derived from metastatic mouse lung tumors, respectively.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-1462525801

Studies that did not test the peptide alone8

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

02AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice, B16-F10 cells infected with thymosin beta‑4-expressing adenovirus produced more metastatic lung nodules than cells with control adenovirus at 2 weeks.
In plain wordsIn mice, melanoma cells carrying extra thymosin beta‑4 gene copies spread to the lungs more than cells with a control virus.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseMetastatic lung nodules 2 weeks after injection
Study
mousen = 20
C57BL/6 mice injected intravenously with B16-F10 cells carrying a thymosin beta4 adenovirus
Comparator
Control adenovirus
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Measurements
Mean metastatic lung nodules
46.7 nodules
thymosin beta4 adenovirus
Mean metastatic lung nodules
10.9 nodules
control adenovirus
Difference
35.8 nodules
P<.001
Source sentences
Summary
The mean numbers of metastatic lung nodules in mice (n = 20) 2 weeks after intravenous injection with thymosin beta4-expressing adenovirus and with control adenovirus were 46.7 (95% CI = 35.0 to 57.7) and 10.9 (95% CI = 6.2 to 15.6), respectively (difference = 35.8 metastatic lung nodules, P<.001).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
B16-F10 cells infected with adenoviruses containing a thymosin beta4 expression vector or an empty vector were injected subcutaneously and intravenously into C57BL/6 mice to evaluate tumor growth and metastatic potential, respectively.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-1462525803
03AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice, B16-F10 cells infected with thymosin beta‑4-expressing adenovirus formed larger tumors than cells with control adenovirus at 20 days.
In plain wordsIn mice, melanoma cells carrying extra thymosin beta‑4 gene copies formed larger tumors than cells with a control virus.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseTumor size 20 days after injection
Study
mousen: not reported in source
C57BL/6 mice injected subcutaneously with B16-F10 cells carrying a thymosin beta4 adenovirus
Comparator
Control adenovirus
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Measurements
Mean tumor size
21.7 mm
thymosin beta4 adenovirus
Mean tumor size
13.3 mm
control adenovirus
Difference
8.4 mm
P = .036
Source sentences
Summary
The mean tumor sizes in mice 20 days after injection with B16-F10 cells infected with thymosin beta4-expressing adenovirus and with control adenovirus were 21.7 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.7 to 25.7 mm) and 13.3 mm (95% CI = 11.1 to 15.3 mm), respectively (difference = 8.4 mm; P =.036).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
B16-F10 cells infected with adenoviruses containing a thymosin beta4 expression vector or an empty vector were injected subcutaneously and intravenously into C57BL/6 mice to evaluate tumor growth and metastatic potential, respectively.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-1462525802
04AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice, thymosin beta‑4 overexpression was associated with a mean 4.4-fold increase in the number of blood vessels in solid B16-F10 tumors.
In plain wordsIn mice, melanoma cells carrying extra thymosin beta‑4 gene copies formed tumors with about 4.4 times more blood vessels.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseBlood vessels in solid tumors
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Solid tumors from injected B16-F10 cells in C57BL/6 mice
Comparator
Control adenovirus
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Measurements
Blood vessel increase
4.4 fold
thymosin beta4 overexpression
Source sentences
Summary
a mean 4.4-fold increase (95% CI = 3.3- to 5.5-fold increase; P<.001) in the number of blood vessels in solid tumors derived from injected B16-F10 cells
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
B16-F10 cells infected with adenoviruses containing a thymosin beta4 expression vector or an empty vector were injected subcutaneously and intravenously into C57BL/6 mice to evaluate tumor growth and metastatic potential, respectively.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-1462525805
05AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mouse melanoma, the induction of angiogenesis by thymosin beta‑4 overexpression was associated with induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression.
In plain wordsIn mice, the extra blood vessels linked to added thymosin beta‑4 genes went with higher VEGF expression.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseVEGF expression with thymosin beta-4 induced angiogenesis
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Tumors from B16-F10 cells with thymosin beta4 overexpression in C57BL/6 mice
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
This induction of angiogenesis by thymosin beta4 was associated with induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
B16-F10 cells infected with adenoviruses containing a thymosin beta4 expression vector or an empty vector were injected subcutaneously and intravenously into C57BL/6 mice to evaluate tumor growth and metastatic potential, respectively.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-1462525809
06LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells, thymosin beta‑4 overexpression was associated with a mean 2.3-fold increase in cell migration.
In plain wordsIn mouse melanoma cells, extra thymosin beta‑4 gene copies were linked to about 2.3 times more cell migration.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseB16-F10 cell migration
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Adenovirus-infected B16-F10 cells
Comparator
Control adenovirus
Outcome group
Cancer cell invasion and metastasis · Cancer
Measurements
Migration increase
2.3 fold
thymosin beta4 overexpression
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin beta4 overexpression was associated with a mean 2.3-fold increase (95% CI = 1.9- to 2.7-fold increase; P<.001) in B16-F10 cell migration
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vitro assays were used to study cell migration, invasion, matrix metalloproteinase activity, cell proliferation, and angiogenic activity of adenovirus-infected B16-F10 cells.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-1462525804
07LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells, thymosin beta‑4 overexpression had no effect on cell invasion.
In plain wordsIn mouse melanoma cells, extra thymosin beta‑4 gene copies did not change cell invasion.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changeCell invasion
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Adenovirus-infected B16-F10 cells
Comparator
Control adenovirus
Outcome group
Cancer cell invasion and metastasis · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
but had no effect on cell invasion, proliferation, or matrix metalloproteinase activity.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vitro assays were used to study cell migration, invasion, matrix metalloproteinase activity, cell proliferation, and angiogenic activity of adenovirus-infected B16-F10 cells.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-1462525806
08LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells, thymosin beta‑4 overexpression had no effect on cell proliferation.
In plain wordsIn mouse melanoma cells, extra thymosin beta‑4 gene copies did not change cell proliferation.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changeCell proliferation
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Adenovirus-infected B16-F10 cells
Comparator
Control adenovirus
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
but had no effect on cell invasion, proliferation, or matrix metalloproteinase activity.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vitro assays were used to study cell migration, invasion, matrix metalloproteinase activity, cell proliferation, and angiogenic activity of adenovirus-infected B16-F10 cells.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-1462525807
09LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells, thymosin beta‑4 overexpression had no effect on matrix metalloproteinase activity.
In plain wordsIn mouse melanoma cells, extra thymosin beta‑4 gene copies did not change matrix metalloproteinase activity.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changeMatrix metalloproteinase activity
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Adenovirus-infected B16-F10 cells
Comparator
Control adenovirus
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
but had no effect on cell invasion, proliferation, or matrix metalloproteinase activity.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vitro assays were used to study cell migration, invasion, matrix metalloproteinase activity, cell proliferation, and angiogenic activity of adenovirus-infected B16-F10 cells.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-1462525808

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

Journal Article

MeSH terms

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