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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2002

2 results

A differential screen for putative targets of the bHLH transcription factor Hand1 in cardiac morphogenesis.

Smart N, Hill AA, Cross JC, Riley PR

Mechanisms of development1 Dec 2002Cited by 13 (Europe PMC)

PMID14516662 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/s0925-4773(03)00093-5 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-14516662
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study2

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured2

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mouse embryos, whole-mount in situ hybridisation confirmed that thymosin beta4 and other putative targets were co-expressed with Hand1 in the heart and aberrantly expressed in Hand1-null embryos.

    In plain wordsIn mouse embryos, the body's own thymosin beta4 gene was active in the heart together with Hand1 and showed abnormal activity without Hand1.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableThymosin beta4 expression pattern in Hand1 mutant embryos
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Hand1-null embryoid bodies and embryos
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Whole-mount in situ hybridisation on wild type embryos (E8.0-E10.5) and Hand1 homozygous-mutant embryos (E8.0) confirmed co-expression of the putative targets with Hand1 in the heart and their aberrant expression in a Hand1-null background.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To investigate the mechanism(s) through which Hand1 might function, we screened for potential downstream target genes using representational difference analysis.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In Hand1-null mouse embryoid bodies, thymosin beta4 was down-regulated as found by representational difference analysis.

    In plain wordsIn cells, the body's own thymosin beta4 gene was less active in mouse embryo-like cell clumps that lack the Hand1 gene.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseThymosin beta4 expression in Hand1-null embryoid bodies
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Hand1-null mouse embryoid bodies
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Thymosin beta4 was found to be down-regulated whereas cystatin C and alphaCA were up-regulated in Hand1-null embryoid bodies.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To investigate the mechanism(s) through which Hand1 might function, we screened for potential downstream target genes using representational difference analysis.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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