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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2003

3 results

Reduction of thymosin beta4 and actin in HL60 cells during apoptosis is preceded by a decrease of their mRNAs.

Müller CS, Huff T, Hannappel E

Molecular and cellular biochemistry1 Aug 2003Cited by 8 (Europe PMC)

PMID12962156 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1023/a:1024938325032 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-12962156
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study3

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured3

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In HL60 cells, thymosin beta‑4 content decreased to about 30% of the control value after 48 h of araC treatment.

    In plain wordsIn leukemia cells treated to die, the cells' own thymosin beta‑4 fell to about 30% of the untreated level.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseThymosin beta4 protein content after 48 h araC
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    HL60 cells treated with cytosine arabinoside (araC) to induce apoptosis
    Comparator
    Untreated control
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer

    Measurements

    Thymosin beta4 content
    ≈ 30 % of control
    araC 48 h

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Thymosin beta4 content decreased to about 30% of the control value after incubation for 48 h in the presence of araC.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore we studied changes in thymosin beta4 and actin content of HL60 cells after induction of apoptosis using cytosine arabinoside (araC).

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In HL60 cells, relative thymosin beta‑4 mRNA was reduced to 71% of the control after 24 h of araC.

    In plain wordsIn leukemia cells treated to die, the messenger RNA for the cells' own thymosin beta‑4 fell to 71% after 24 hours.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseThymosin beta4 mRNA after 24 h araC
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    HL60 cells treated with cytosine arabinoside (araC) to induce apoptosis
    Comparator
    Untreated control
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer

    Measurements

    Thymosin beta4 mRNA
    71 % of control
    araC 24 h

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Already after 24 h the relative amount of mRNA of thymosin beta4 and beta-actin was greatly reduced to 71 and 58%, respectively.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore we studied changes in thymosin beta4 and actin content of HL60 cells after induction of apoptosis using cytosine arabinoside (araC).

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In HL60 cells, thymosin beta‑4 mRNA decreased to 15% of the control after 48 h of araC.

    In plain wordsIn leukemia cells treated to die, the messenger RNA for the cells' own thymosin beta‑4 fell to 15% after 48 hours.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseThymosin beta4 mRNA after 48 h araC
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    HL60 cells treated with cytosine arabinoside (araC) to induce apoptosis
    Comparator
    Untreated control
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer

    Measurements

    Thymosin beta4 mRNA
    15 % of control
    araC 48 h

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Upon a 48 h araC treatment, the mRNA of these two proteins decreased to 15 and 10% compared to the control, whereas the content of total RNA and protein per cell was nearly unchanged.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore we studied changes in thymosin beta4 and actin content of HL60 cells after induction of apoptosis using cytosine arabinoside (araC).

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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