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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2001

2 results

Early and progressive accumulation of reactive microglia in the Huntington disease brain.

Sapp E, Kegel KB, Aronin N, Hashikawa T, Uchiyama Y, Tohyama K, Bhide PG, Vonsattel JP, DiFiglia M

Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology1 Feb 2001Cited by 418 (Europe PMC)

PMID11273004 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1093/jnen/60.2.161 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-11273004
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study2

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured2

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In Huntington disease brain, Tbeta4-labelled activated microglia appeared in the neostriatum, cortex, globus pallidus and adjoining white matter, but not in control brain.

    In plain wordsIn people with Huntington disease, the body's own Tbeta4 marked activated microglia in affected brain regions, but not in control brain.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseTbeta4-positive reactive microglia in HD brain regions
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Control brain
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Activated microglia appeared in the neostriatum, cortex, and globus pallidus and the adjoining white matter of the HD brain, but not in control brain.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We studied the activation of microglia in affected regions of Huntington disease (HD) brain by localizing thymosin beta-4 (Tbeta4), which is increased in reactive microglia.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In the striatum and cortex of Huntington disease brain, Tbeta4-labelled reactive microglia occurred in all pathology grades, accumulated with increasing grade and grew denser with neuronal loss.

    In plain wordsIn Huntington disease brain, microglia marked by the body's own Tbeta4 became more numerous as the disease grade and neuron loss increased.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseReactive microglia accumulation with pathology grade
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the striatum and cortex, reactive microglia occurred in all grades of pathology, accumulated with increasing grade, and grew in density in relation to degree of neuronal loss.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We studied the activation of microglia in affected regions of Huntington disease (HD) brain by localizing thymosin beta-4 (Tbeta4), which is increased in reactive microglia.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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