Methylene blue improves the hepatopulmonary syndrome.

Schenk P, Madl C, Rezaie-Majd S, Lehr S, Müller C

Annals of internal medicine1 Nov 2000Cited by 137 (Europe PMC)

PMID11074903DOI10.7326/0003-4819-133-9-200011070-00012PepBankPUB-11074903

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study12

12 results from studies that gave the peptide. 12 results from people.

01HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, methylene blue increased PaO(2) from baseline after infusion.
In plain wordsMethylene blue increased blood oxygen pressure compared with baseline in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Peptide
Methylene blue
Outcome
IncreasePaO(2)
Study
n = 7
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Respiratory function · Respiratory
Studied dose
3 mg/kg of body weight · intravenous · 15-minute periodAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
PaO(2)
58 mm Hg
baseline, mean (SD 2.5)
PaO(2)
74 mm Hg
5 hours after infusion, mean (SD 11.5)
Source sentences
Summary
After methylene blue administration, PaO(2) increased in all patients (from a baseline mean +/- SD of 58 +/- 2.5 mm Hg to 74 +/- 11.5 mm Hg 5 hours after infusion; P = 0.006)
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Open, uncontrolled trial.
Summary · context
7 patients with advanced cirrhosis and severe hepatopulmonary syndrome with PaO(2) of 60 mm Hg or less.
Summary · context
Insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter and an arterial indwelling catheter; intravenous administration of methylene blue, 3 mg/kg of body weight, over a 15-minute period.
Report a problemFND-1107490301
02HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, methylene blue reduced the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference, with a maximum effect after 5 hours.
In plain wordsMethylene blue reduced the oxygen pressure difference compared with baseline in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Peptide
Methylene blue
Outcome
DecreaseAlveolar-arterial oxygen difference
Study
n = 7
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Respiratory function · Respiratory
Studied dose
3 mg/kg of body weight · intravenous · 15-minute periodAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
PAO(2) - PaO(2)
49 mm Hg
baseline, mean (SD 3.3)
PAO(2) - PaO(2)
30 mm Hg
maximum effect at 5 hours, mean (SD 10.4)
Source sentences
Summary
and the alveolar-arterial difference for partial pressure of oxygen (PAO(2) - PaO(2) ) decreased in all patients, with a maximum effect achieved after 5 hours (from 49 +/- 3.3 mm Hg to 30 +/- 10.4 mm Hg; P = 0.003)
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Open, uncontrolled trial.
Summary · context
7 patients with advanced cirrhosis and severe hepatopulmonary syndrome with PaO(2) of 60 mm Hg or less.
Summary · context
Insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter and an arterial indwelling catheter; intravenous administration of methylene blue, 3 mg/kg of body weight, over a 15-minute period.
Report a problemFND-1107490302
03HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference remained significantly below baseline after 10 hours.
In plain wordsThe oxygen pressure difference remained below baseline after 10 hours following methylene blue in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Peptide
Methylene blue
Outcome
DecreaseAlveolar-arterial oxygen difference after 10 hours
Study
n = 7
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Respiratory function · Respiratory
Studied dose
3 mg/kg of body weight · intravenous · 15-minute periodAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
even after 10 hours, PAO(2) - PaO(2) was still significantly reduced compared with baseline (P = 0.041).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Open, uncontrolled trial.
Summary · context
7 patients with advanced cirrhosis and severe hepatopulmonary syndrome with PaO(2) of 60 mm Hg or less.
Summary · context
Insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter and an arterial indwelling catheter; intravenous administration of methylene blue, 3 mg/kg of body weight, over a 15-minute period.
Report a problemFND-1107490303
04HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, methylene blue reduced shunt fraction from baseline.
In plain wordsMethylene blue reduced blood flow that bypassed oxygen exchange compared with baseline in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Peptide
Methylene blue
Outcome
DecreaseShunt fraction
Study
n = 7
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Respiratory function · Respiratory
Studied dose
3 mg/kg of body weight · intravenous · 15-minute periodAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Shunt fraction
41%
baseline, mean (SD 3.1)
Shunt fraction
25%
after methylene blue, mean (SD 4.5); time point not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Oxygenation improved because of reduction in shunt fraction (from 41% +/- 3.1% to 25% +/- 4.5%; P < 0.001).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Open, uncontrolled trial.
Summary · context
7 patients with advanced cirrhosis and severe hepatopulmonary syndrome with PaO(2) of 60 mm Hg or less.
Summary · context
Insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter and an arterial indwelling catheter; intravenous administration of methylene blue, 3 mg/kg of body weight, over a 15-minute period.
Report a problemFND-1107490304
05HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, methylene blue increased mean pulmonary artery pressure from baseline.
In plain wordsMethylene blue increased lung artery pressure compared with baseline in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Peptide
Methylene blue
Outcome
IncreaseMean pulmonary artery pressure
Study
n = 7
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
3 mg/kg of body weight · intravenous · 15-minute periodAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Mean pulmonary artery pressure
20 mm Hg
baseline, mean (SD 5.2)
Mean pulmonary artery pressure
23 mm Hg
after methylene blue, mean (SD 3.6); time point not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Mean pulmonary artery pressure increased (from 20 +/- 5.2 mm Hg to 23 +/- 3.6 mm Hg; P = 0. 028), as did pulmonary vascular resistance (from 58 +/- 23 dyne/sec. cm(-5) to 115 +/- 56 dyne/sec. cm(-5); P = 0.012).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Open, uncontrolled trial.
Summary · context
7 patients with advanced cirrhosis and severe hepatopulmonary syndrome with PaO(2) of 60 mm Hg or less.
Summary · context
Insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter and an arterial indwelling catheter; intravenous administration of methylene blue, 3 mg/kg of body weight, over a 15-minute period.
Report a problemFND-1107490305
06HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, methylene blue increased pulmonary vascular resistance from baseline.
In plain wordsMethylene blue increased resistance in lung blood vessels compared with baseline in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Peptide
Methylene blue
Outcome
IncreasePulmonary vascular resistance
Study
n = 7
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Vascular function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
3 mg/kg of body weight · intravenous · 15-minute periodAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Pulmonary vascular resistance
58 dyne/sec. cm(-5)
baseline, mean (SD 23)
Pulmonary vascular resistance
115 dyne/sec. cm(-5)
after methylene blue, mean (SD 56); time point not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Mean pulmonary artery pressure increased (from 20 +/- 5.2 mm Hg to 23 +/- 3.6 mm Hg; P = 0. 028), as did pulmonary vascular resistance (from 58 +/- 23 dyne/sec. cm(-5) to 115 +/- 56 dyne/sec. cm(-5); P = 0.012).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Open, uncontrolled trial.
Summary · context
7 patients with advanced cirrhosis and severe hepatopulmonary syndrome with PaO(2) of 60 mm Hg or less.
Summary · context
Insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter and an arterial indwelling catheter; intravenous administration of methylene blue, 3 mg/kg of body weight, over a 15-minute period.
Report a problemFND-1107490306
07HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, arterial blood pressure did not change significantly after methylene blue.
In plain wordsBlood pressure did not change significantly from baseline after methylene blue in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Peptide
Methylene blue
Outcome
No significant changeArterial blood pressure
Study
n = 7
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
3 mg/kg of body weight · intravenous · 15-minute periodAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Arterial blood pressure did not change significantly.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Open, uncontrolled trial.
Summary · context
7 patients with advanced cirrhosis and severe hepatopulmonary syndrome with PaO(2) of 60 mm Hg or less.
Summary · context
Insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter and an arterial indwelling catheter; intravenous administration of methylene blue, 3 mg/kg of body weight, over a 15-minute period.
Report a problemFND-1107490307
08HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, methylene blue decreased cardiac output from baseline.
In plain wordsMethylene blue reduced blood pumped by the heart compared with baseline in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Peptide
Methylene blue
Outcome
DecreaseCardiac output
Study
n = 7
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
3 mg/kg of body weight · intravenous · 15-minute periodAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Cardiac output
10.6 L/min
baseline, mean (SD 2.2)
Cardiac output
8.6 L/min
after methylene blue, mean (SD 2.7); time point not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Cardiac output decreased (from 10.6 +/- 2.2 L/min to 8.6 +/- 2.7 L/min; P = 0.008) and systemic vascular resistance increased (from 527 +/- 144 dyne/sec. cm(-5) to 729 +/- 222 dyne/sec. cm(-5); P = 0.037).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Open, uncontrolled trial.
Summary · context
7 patients with advanced cirrhosis and severe hepatopulmonary syndrome with PaO(2) of 60 mm Hg or less.
Summary · context
Insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter and an arterial indwelling catheter; intravenous administration of methylene blue, 3 mg/kg of body weight, over a 15-minute period.
Report a problemFND-1107490308
09HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, methylene blue increased systemic vascular resistance from baseline.
In plain wordsMethylene blue increased blood vessel resistance compared with baseline in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Peptide
Methylene blue
Outcome
IncreaseSystemic vascular resistance
Study
n = 7
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Vascular function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
3 mg/kg of body weight · intravenous · 15-minute periodAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Systemic vascular resistance
527 dyne/sec. cm(-5)
baseline, mean (SD 144)
Systemic vascular resistance
729 dyne/sec. cm(-5)
after methylene blue, mean (SD 222); time point not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Cardiac output decreased (from 10.6 +/- 2.2 L/min to 8.6 +/- 2.7 L/min; P = 0.008) and systemic vascular resistance increased (from 527 +/- 144 dyne/sec. cm(-5) to 729 +/- 222 dyne/sec. cm(-5); P = 0.037).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Open, uncontrolled trial.
Summary · context
7 patients with advanced cirrhosis and severe hepatopulmonary syndrome with PaO(2) of 60 mm Hg or less.
Summary · context
Insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter and an arterial indwelling catheter; intravenous administration of methylene blue, 3 mg/kg of body weight, over a 15-minute period.
Report a problemFND-1107490309
10HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, heart rate remained unchanged after methylene blue.
In plain wordsHeart rate remained unchanged from baseline after methylene blue in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Peptide
Methylene blue
Outcome
No significant changeHeart rate
Study
n = 7
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
3 mg/kg of body weight · intravenous · 15-minute periodAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Heart rate, central venous pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure remained unchanged.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Open, uncontrolled trial.
Summary · context
7 patients with advanced cirrhosis and severe hepatopulmonary syndrome with PaO(2) of 60 mm Hg or less.
Summary · context
Insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter and an arterial indwelling catheter; intravenous administration of methylene blue, 3 mg/kg of body weight, over a 15-minute period.
Report a problemFND-1107490310
11HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, central venous pressure remained unchanged after methylene blue.
In plain wordsCentral vein pressure remained unchanged from baseline after methylene blue in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Peptide
Methylene blue
Outcome
No significant changeCentral venous pressure
Study
n = 7
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
3 mg/kg of body weight · intravenous · 15-minute periodAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Heart rate, central venous pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure remained unchanged.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Open, uncontrolled trial.
Summary · context
7 patients with advanced cirrhosis and severe hepatopulmonary syndrome with PaO(2) of 60 mm Hg or less.
Summary · context
Insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter and an arterial indwelling catheter; intravenous administration of methylene blue, 3 mg/kg of body weight, over a 15-minute period.
Report a problemFND-1107490311
12HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure remained unchanged after methylene blue.
In plain wordsPulmonary capillary wedge pressure remained unchanged from baseline after methylene blue in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Peptide
Methylene blue
Outcome
No significant changePulmonary capillary wedge pressure
Study
n = 7
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
3 mg/kg of body weight · intravenous · 15-minute periodAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Heart rate, central venous pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure remained unchanged.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Open, uncontrolled trial.
Summary · context
7 patients with advanced cirrhosis and severe hepatopulmonary syndrome with PaO(2) of 60 mm Hg or less.
Summary · context
Insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter and an arterial indwelling catheter; intravenous administration of methylene blue, 3 mg/kg of body weight, over a 15-minute period.
Report a problemFND-1107490312

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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MeSH terms

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