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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 1999

5 results

Expression of thymosin beta4 messenger RNA in normal and kainate-treated rat forebrain.

Carpintero P, Anadón R, Díaz-Regueira S, Gómez-Márquez J

Neuroscience1 Jan 1999Cited by 38 (Europe PMC)

PMID10338310 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00494-1 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-10338310
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study5

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured5

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In untreated rats, thymosin beta4 mRNA was mainly expressed in neurons of the hippocampal formation, neocortex and amygdaloid complex, and in oligodendrocytes.

    In plain wordsIn rats, the body's own thymosin beta4 messenger RNA was found mainly in neurons of the hippocampus, neocortex and amygdala, and in oligodendrocytes.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableThymosin beta4 mRNA distribution in untreated forebrain
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In untreated animals, thymosin beta4 messenger RNA is mainly expressed in neurons of the hippocampal formation, neocortex and amygdaloid complex, as well as in oligodendrocytes.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we analyse the expression of thymosin beta4 in normal and kainate-treated rat forebrain.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In untreated rats, thymosin beta4 mRNA was also highly expressed in the tanycytic ependyma of the infundibulum, substantia nigra pars compacta, and the supraoptic and premammillary nuclei.

    In plain wordsIn rats, the body's own thymosin beta4 messenger RNA was also high in several other brain areas, including the substantia nigra.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableThymosin beta4 mRNA in other forebrain areas
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Other high-expressing areas are the tanycytic ependyma of the infundibulum, the substantia nigra pars compacta, and the supraoptic and premammillary nuclei.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we analyse the expression of thymosin beta4 in normal and kainate-treated rat forebrain.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats given kainate, thymosin beta4 mRNA levels increased in the hippocampus and neocortex during the first 2-3 h after injection.

    In plain wordsIn rats given kainate, the body's own thymosin beta4 messenger RNA rose in the hippocampus and neocortex within the first hours.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseThymosin beta4 mRNA early after kainate
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In rats treated with kainate, an excitotoxin that induces synaptic activation in the CA1-CA3 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus, the levels of thymosin beta4 were clearly increased in the hippocampus and neocortex during the first 2-3 h after injection.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we analyse the expression of thymosin beta4 in normal and kainate-treated rat forebrain.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats given kainate, thymosin beta4 mRNA fell in the degenerating CA1-CA3 regions of the hippocampus and was restored two weeks after injection.

    In plain wordsIn rats given kainate, the body's own thymosin beta4 messenger RNA fell in damaged hippocampus areas and returned two weeks later.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    MixedThymosin beta4 mRNA long term after kainate
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the long term, kainate causes neuronal degeneration in the CA1-CA3 regions of the hippocampus and functionally related structures, provoking a depletion of thymosin beta4 messenger RNA in these areas; however, the levels of this transcript are restored two weeks after kainate injection.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we analyse the expression of thymosin beta4 in normal and kainate-treated rat forebrain.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  5. 05AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats given kainate, thymosin beta4 mRNA levels were elevated in degenerating zones with gliosis, particularly in the CA1-CA3 region, the lateral geniculate nucleus and the mammillothalamic tract.

    In plain wordsIn rats given kainate, the body's own thymosin beta4 messenger RNA was higher in damaged brain zones with glial reaction.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseThymosin beta4 mRNA in gliosis zones after kainate
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Moreover, we have found that, in these degenerating zones, gliosis is accompanied by an elevation of the levels of thymosin beta4 messenger RNA, particularly in the CA1-CA3 region of the hippocampus, the lateral geniculate nucleus and the mammillothalamic tract.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we analyse the expression of thymosin beta4 in normal and kainate-treated rat forebrain.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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