Thymic weight changes and endocrine relationships during maturation in cattle: effects of age, sex, and castration.

Wise T, Klindt J

Growth, development, and aging : GDA1 Jan 1995Cited by 4 (Europe PMC)

PMID8675368PepBankPUB-08675368

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured4

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In maturing cattle, thymosin beta4 increased up to six months of age in all groups and then decreased with age, similar to the pattern of growth hormone.
In plain wordsIn cattle, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 rose until six months of age in all groups, then fell with age.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
MixedThymosin beta4 level by age
Study
cattlen: not reported in source
Bulls, steers, heifers and ovariectomized heifers slaughtered at 4 to 14 months
Outcome group
Hormone levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Thymic secretory peptide, thymosin beta4, increased up to six months of age in all groups (p < 0.05) and then decreased with age, similar to the pattern of growth hormone.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To monitor gonadal-thymic interaction with the endocrine changes associated with maturity, bulls, steers, heifers, and ovariectomized heifers were slaughtered at 4, 6, 10, 12, or 14 months of age (n = 5-7/sex/age).
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0867536801
02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In maturing cattle, thymosin beta4 decreased at 10 months of age, coordinate with decreases of prepuberal testosterone.
In plain wordsIn cattle, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 fell at 10 months of age, at the same time as testosterone.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseThymosin beta4 decrease at 10 months with testosterone
Study
cattlen: not reported in source
Bulls, steers, heifers and ovariectomized heifers slaughtered at 4 to 14 months
Outcome group
Hormone levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
coordinate with decreases of thymosin beta4 at 10 months of age.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To monitor gonadal-thymic interaction with the endocrine changes associated with maturity, bulls, steers, heifers, and ovariectomized heifers were slaughtered at 4, 6, 10, 12, or 14 months of age (n = 5-7/sex/age).
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0867536802
03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In maturing heifers, luteinizing hormone was highly related to thymosin beta4 changes.
In plain wordsIn heifers, changes in luteinizing hormone were closely linked to changes in the body's own thymosin beta‑4.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableThymosin beta4 relationship with LH in heifers
Study
cattlen: not reported in source
Bulls, steers, heifers and ovariectomized heifers slaughtered at 4 to 14 months
Outcome group
Hormone levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Relationships of luteinizing hormone (LH) were highly related to thymosin beta4 changes in heifers during maturation.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To monitor gonadal-thymic interaction with the endocrine changes associated with maturity, bulls, steers, heifers, and ovariectomized heifers were slaughtered at 4, 6, 10, 12, or 14 months of age (n = 5-7/sex/age).
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0867536803
04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
Changes of thymosin beta4 and LH were coordinate in ovary-intact heifers and inversely related in ovariectomized heifers.
In plain wordsIn heifers, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 and luteinizing hormone changed together with intact ovaries and in opposite directions without ovaries.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
MixedThymosin beta4 and LH in ovary-intact versus ovariectomized heifers
Study
cattlen: not reported in source
Bulls, steers, heifers and ovariectomized heifers slaughtered at 4 to 14 months
Outcome group
Hormone levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Changes of thymosin beta4 and LH were coordinate in ovary-intact heifers and inversely related in ovariectomized heifers.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To monitor gonadal-thymic interaction with the endocrine changes associated with maturity, bulls, steers, heifers, and ovariectomized heifers were slaughtered at 4, 6, 10, 12, or 14 months of age (n = 5-7/sex/age).
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0867536804

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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