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Study · Non-randomized trial · n = 12 · 1994

6 results

Glucose recovery after intranasal glucagon during hypoglycaemia in man.

Hvidberg A, Djurup R, Hilsted J

European journal of clinical pharmacology1 Jan 1994Cited by 14 (Europe PMC)

PMID7911762 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1007/bf00195909 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-07911762
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. 6 results from people.

  1. 01HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy subjects with induced hypoglycaemia, incremental glucose differed marginally between intramuscular and intranasal glucagon after 15 min.

    In plain wordsIn healthy subjects with induced hypoglycaemia, glucose increases differed marginally between intramuscular and intranasal glucagon after 15 min.

    Peptide
    Glucagon
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedIncremental plasma glucose at 15 min
    Study

    n = 12

    Comparator
    Intranasal glucagon 2 mg
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1 mg · intramuscularAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The incremental values for plasma glucose concentrations 15 min after intranasal and i.m. administration of glucagon differed marginally.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Twelve healthy subjects were examined twice, receiving on both occasions an intravenous insulin bolus.
    Summary · context
    Somatostatin and propranolol were administered to block endogenous glucose counterregulation, and glucose turnover was estimated by a 3-[3H]-glucose infusion.
    Summary · context
    When hypoglycaemia was reached, the subjects received either i.m. glucagon of pancreatic extraction (1 mg) or intranasal genetically engineered glucagon (2 mg).
  2. 02HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy subjects with induced hypoglycaemia, glucose appearance rate after 5 min was significantly higher with intramuscular than intranasal glucagon.

    In plain wordsIn healthy subjects with induced hypoglycaemia, glucose appearance was higher after intramuscular than intranasal glucagon.

    Peptide
    Glucagon
    Outcome
    IncreaseGlucose appearance rate at 5 min
    Study

    n = 12

    Comparator
    Intranasal glucagon 2 mg
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1 mg · intramuscularAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, after 5 min the glucose appearance rate, as well as the incremental values for plasma glucose, were significantly higher for the i.m. glucagon treatment.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Twelve healthy subjects were examined twice, receiving on both occasions an intravenous insulin bolus.
    Summary · context
    Somatostatin and propranolol were administered to block endogenous glucose counterregulation, and glucose turnover was estimated by a 3-[3H]-glucose infusion.
    Summary · context
    When hypoglycaemia was reached, the subjects received either i.m. glucagon of pancreatic extraction (1 mg) or intranasal genetically engineered glucagon (2 mg).
  3. 03HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy subjects with induced hypoglycaemia, incremental plasma glucose after 5 min was significantly higher with intramuscular than intranasal glucagon.

    In plain wordsIn healthy subjects with induced hypoglycaemia, glucose increased more after intramuscular than intranasal glucagon.

    Peptide
    Glucagon
    Outcome
    IncreaseIncremental plasma glucose at 5 min
    Study

    n = 12

    Comparator
    Intranasal glucagon 2 mg
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1 mg · intramuscularAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, after 5 min the glucose appearance rate, as well as the incremental values for plasma glucose, were significantly higher for the i.m. glucagon treatment.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Twelve healthy subjects were examined twice, receiving on both occasions an intravenous insulin bolus.
    Summary · context
    Somatostatin and propranolol were administered to block endogenous glucose counterregulation, and glucose turnover was estimated by a 3-[3H]-glucose infusion.
    Summary · context
    When hypoglycaemia was reached, the subjects received either i.m. glucagon of pancreatic extraction (1 mg) or intranasal genetically engineered glucagon (2 mg).
  4. 04HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy subjects with induced hypoglycaemia, intramuscular glucagon shortened time to a glucose increment above 3 mmol.l-1 compared with intranasal glucagon.

    In plain wordsIn healthy subjects with induced hypoglycaemia, intramuscular glucagon reached the glucose recovery threshold faster than intranasal glucagon.

    Peptide
    Glucagon
    Outcome
    DecreaseTime to glucose increment above 3 mmol.l-1
    Study

    n = 12

    Comparator
    Intranasal glucagon 2 mg
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1 mg · intramuscularAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The mean time taken for incremental plasma glucose to exceed 3 mmol.l-1 was significantly shorter for i.m. glucagon.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Twelve healthy subjects were examined twice, receiving on both occasions an intravenous insulin bolus.
    Summary · context
    Somatostatin and propranolol were administered to block endogenous glucose counterregulation, and glucose turnover was estimated by a 3-[3H]-glucose infusion.
    Summary · context
    When hypoglycaemia was reached, the subjects received either i.m. glucagon of pancreatic extraction (1 mg) or intranasal genetically engineered glucagon (2 mg).
  5. 05HumanNon-randomized trialPharmacokinetics

    In healthy subjects with induced hypoglycaemia, plasma glucagon increased faster after intramuscular than intranasal glucagon.

    In plain wordsIn healthy subjects with induced hypoglycaemia, blood glucagon increased faster after intramuscular than intranasal glucagon.

    Peptide
    Glucagon
    Outcome
    IncreaseRate of plasma glucagon increase
    Study

    n = 12

    Comparator
    Intranasal glucagon 2 mg
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    1 mg · intramuscularAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The mean plasma glucagon level increased faster after i.m. glucagon than after intranasal glucagon, and the levels remained higher throughout the study period.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Twelve healthy subjects were examined twice, receiving on both occasions an intravenous insulin bolus.
    Summary · context
    Somatostatin and propranolol were administered to block endogenous glucose counterregulation, and glucose turnover was estimated by a 3-[3H]-glucose infusion.
    Summary · context
    When hypoglycaemia was reached, the subjects received either i.m. glucagon of pancreatic extraction (1 mg) or intranasal genetically engineered glucagon (2 mg).
  6. 06HumanNon-randomized trialPharmacokinetics

    In healthy subjects with induced hypoglycaemia, glucagon levels remained higher throughout the study after intramuscular than intranasal glucagon.

    In plain wordsIn healthy subjects with induced hypoglycaemia, blood glucagon remained higher after intramuscular than intranasal glucagon.

    Peptide
    Glucagon
    Outcome
    IncreasePlasma glucagon levels
    Study

    n = 12

    Comparator
    Intranasal glucagon 2 mg
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    1 mg · intramuscularAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The mean plasma glucagon level increased faster after i.m. glucagon than after intranasal glucagon, and the levels remained higher throughout the study period.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Twelve healthy subjects were examined twice, receiving on both occasions an intravenous insulin bolus.
    Summary · context
    Somatostatin and propranolol were administered to block endogenous glucose counterregulation, and glucose turnover was estimated by a 3-[3H]-glucose infusion.
    Summary · context
    When hypoglycaemia was reached, the subjects received either i.m. glucagon of pancreatic extraction (1 mg) or intranasal genetically engineered glucagon (2 mg).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    27 Oct 2026, 16:35 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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