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Study · In vitro (cells) · rat kangaroo · 1995

10 results

Increasing intracellular concentrations of thymosin beta 4 in PtK2 cells: effects on stress fibers, cytokinesis, and cell spreading.

Sanger JM, Golla R, Safer D, Choi JK, Yu KR, Sanger JW, Nachmias VT

Cell motility and the cytoskeleton1 Jan 1995Cited by 29 (Europe PMC)

PMID7553917 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1002/cm.970310407 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-07553917
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study10

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In interphase PtK2 cells, microinjection of purified thymosin beta‑4 protein induced disassembly of stress fibers within 10 min.

    In plain wordsIn cells, injecting purified thymosin beta‑4 broke down the cell's actin fibers within minutes.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseStress fiber disassembly after purified protein microinjection
    Study

    rat kangaroon: not reported in source

    PtK2 cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · microinjection · within 10 minAs given in this study (rat kangaroo).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Microinjection of pure T beta 4 protein into interphase PtK2 cells induced disassembly of the stress fibers within 10 min
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Intracellular T beta 4 concentrations were increased by three different methods: 1) microinjection of an RSV vector containing a cDNA for T beta 4; 2) transfection with the same vector; and 3) microinjection of purified T beta 4 protein.
  2. 02LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In interphase PtK2 cells, microinjected purified thymosin beta‑4 protein only somewhat reduced membrane actin.

    In plain wordsIn cells, injecting purified thymosin beta‑4 reduced actin at the cell membrane only a little.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseMembrane actin after purified protein microinjection
    Study

    rat kangaroon: not reported in source

    PtK2 cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · microinjectionAs given in this study (rat kangaroo).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    while membrane actin appeared only somewhat reduced.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Intracellular T beta 4 concentrations were increased by three different methods: 1) microinjection of an RSV vector containing a cDNA for T beta 4; 2) transfection with the same vector; and 3) microinjection of purified T beta 4 protein.
  3. 03LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In mitotic PtK2 cells, microinjection of purified thymosin beta‑4 from early prophase to metaphase resulted in delayed cytokinesis.

    In plain wordsIn cells, injecting purified thymosin beta‑4 before division delayed the final splitting of the cell.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseCytokinesis after microinjection in mitotic cells
    Study

    rat kangaroon: not reported in source

    PtK2 cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · microinjectionAs given in this study (rat kangaroo).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    If the PtK2 cells were mitotic, similar microinjection of pure thymosin beta 4 protein at times from early prophase to metaphase resulted in an unusual pattern of delayed cytokinesis.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Intracellular T beta 4 concentrations were increased by three different methods: 1) microinjection of an RSV vector containing a cDNA for T beta 4; 2) transfection with the same vector; and 3) microinjection of purified T beta 4 protein.
  4. 04LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In mitotic PtK2 cells injected with thymosin beta‑4, furrowing was much slower than in controls and cleavage furrow actin was greatly reduced.

    In plain wordsIn cells, injecting thymosin beta‑4 slowed furrow formation compared with controls and greatly reduced actin in the furrow.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseActin in cleavage furrow and furrowing rate
    Study

    rat kangaroon: not reported in source

    PtK2 cells
    Comparator
    Control cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · microinjectionAs given in this study (rat kangaroo).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furrowing occurred but at a much slower rate than in controls and the amount of actin in the cleavage furrow was greatly reduced.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Intracellular T beta 4 concentrations were increased by three different methods: 1) microinjection of an RSV vector containing a cDNA for T beta 4; 2) transfection with the same vector; and 3) microinjection of purified T beta 4 protein.
  5. 05LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In PtK2 cells injected with thymosin beta‑4, the furrow regressed after about 30 min, forming binucleate cells.

    In plain wordsIn cells, after thymosin beta‑4 injection the dividing furrow reversed after about 30 minutes, leaving cells with two nuclei.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseCleavage furrow regression and binucleate cells
    Study

    rat kangaroon: not reported in source

    PtK2 cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · microinjectionAs given in this study (rat kangaroo).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    after about 30 min the furrow regressed, forming a binucleate cell, much as after treatment with cytochalasin B or D.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Intracellular T beta 4 concentrations were increased by three different methods: 1) microinjection of an RSV vector containing a cDNA for T beta 4; 2) transfection with the same vector; and 3) microinjection of purified T beta 4 protein.
  6. 06LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In PtK2 cells injected with thymosin beta‑4, postcytokinesis spreading was often inhibited.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin beta‑4 injection often stopped the cells from spreading out after division.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreasePostcytokinesis cell spreading
    Study

    rat kangaroon: not reported in source

    PtK2 cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · microinjectionAs given in this study (rat kangaroo).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Postcytokinesis spreading of these T beta 4-injected cells was often inhibited.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Intracellular T beta 4 concentrations were increased by three different methods: 1) microinjection of an RSV vector containing a cDNA for T beta 4; 2) transfection with the same vector; and 3) microinjection of purified T beta 4 protein.

Natural levels measured1

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 07LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    PtK2 cells contain their own thymosin beta‑4 homologue at a concentration sufficient to complex a third or more of unpolymerized actin.

    In plain wordsIn cells, natural thymosin beta‑4 was present at a level high enough to bind a third or more of the cell's free actin.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableEndogenous thymosin beta 4 concentration in PtK2 cells
    Study

    rat kangaroon: not reported in source

    PtK2 cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Whole body

    Measurements

    Endogenous thymosin beta 4 concentration
    ≈ 28 µM
    PtK2 cells

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We have found that PtK2 cells contain an endogenous homologue of T beta 4 at a concentration (approximately 28 microM) sufficient to complex a third or more of the cell's unpolymerized actin.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone3

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  1. 08LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In PtK2 cells, microinjection of a thymosin beta‑4 plasmid caused marked disassembly of stress fiber bundles after 13 h.

    In plain wordsIn PtK2 cells, a Tβ4 gene plasmid injected into the cells broke down the actin stress fiber bundles after 13 hours.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseStress fiber disassembly after plasmid microinjection
    Study

    rat kangaroon: not reported in source

    PtK2 cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, after 13 h, cells microinjected with reporter and plasmid showed marked disassembly of the fiber bundles.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Intracellular T beta 4 concentrations were increased by three different methods: 1) microinjection of an RSV vector containing a cDNA for T beta 4; 2) transfection with the same vector; and 3) microinjection of purified T beta 4 protein.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  2. 09LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In PtK2 cells, transfection with a thymosin beta‑4 vector for 2-3 days caused disassembly of stress fibers.

    In plain wordsIn PtK2 cells, a Tβ4 gene vector put into the cells broke down the actin stress fibers after 2 to 3 days.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseStress fiber disassembly after transfection
    Study

    rat kangaroon: not reported in source

    PtK2 cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    PtK2 cells transfected with this RSV vector for 2-3 days showed disassembly of stress fibers as detected by rhodamine-phalloidin staining
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Intracellular T beta 4 concentrations were increased by three different methods: 1) microinjection of an RSV vector containing a cDNA for T beta 4; 2) transfection with the same vector; and 3) microinjection of purified T beta 4 protein.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  3. 10LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In PtK2 cells transfected with a thymosin beta‑4 vector, membrane actin was greatly diminished or absent and the cell border was markedly retracted.

    In plain wordsIn PtK2 cells given a Tβ4 gene vector, actin at the cell membrane was greatly reduced or gone and the cell border pulled back.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseMembrane actin and cell border after transfection
    Study

    rat kangaroon: not reported in source

    PtK2 cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    in these cells the membrane actin was also greatly diminished or absent and the border of the cells was markedly retracted
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Intracellular T beta 4 concentrations were increased by three different methods: 1) microinjection of an RSV vector containing a cDNA for T beta 4; 2) transfection with the same vector; and 3) microinjection of purified T beta 4 protein.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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