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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 1982

3 results

Synthesis of thymosin beta 4 by peritoneal macrophages and adherent spleen cells.

Xu GJ, Hannappel E, Morgan J, Hempstead J, Horecker BL

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1 Jul 1982Cited by 40 (Europe PMC)

PMID6955787 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC346565 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1073/pnas.79.13.4006 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-06955787
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study3

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured3

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01LabEndogenous levelEx vivo tissueOther

    Thymosin beta‑4 is synthesized by peritoneal macrophages from rats or mice, including cells from nu/nu mice.

    In plain wordsIn rat and mouse cells, peritoneal macrophages made the body's own thymosin beta‑4.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableThymosin beta 4 synthesis by peritoneal macrophages
    Study

    rat and mousen: not reported in source

    peritoneal macrophages, including cells from nu/nu mice
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    is synthesized by peritoneal macrophages derived from rats or mice, including cells from nu/nu mice.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02LabEndogenous levelEx vivo tissueOther

    Thymosin beta‑4 is also synthesized by rat and mouse spleen cells.

    In plain wordsIn rat and mouse cells, spleen cells also made the body's own thymosin beta‑4.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableThymosin beta 4 synthesis by spleen cells
    Study

    rat and mousen: not reported in source

    spleen cells
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Thymosin beta 4 is also synthesized by rat and mouse spleen cells

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03LabEndogenous levelEx vivo tissueOther

    Evidence is presented for release of thymosin beta‑4 from rat and mouse spleen cells.

    In plain wordsIn rat and mouse cells, spleen cells appeared to release the body's own thymosin beta‑4.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableRelease of thymosin beta 4 from spleen cells
    Study

    rat and mousen: not reported in source

    spleen cells
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    evidence is presented for its release from these cells.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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