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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 1982

3 results

Thymosin beta 4: a ubiquitous peptide in rat and mouse tissues.

Hannappel E, Xu GJ, Morgan J, Hempstead J, Horecker BL

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1 Apr 1982Cited by 113 (Europe PMC)

PMID6954532 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC346152 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1073/pnas.79.7.2172 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-06954532
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study3

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured3

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    Thymosin beta‑4 is present in rat and mouse tissues including spleen, thymus, brain, lung, liver and heart muscle.

    In plain wordsIn rats and mice, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 was found in many tissues, including spleen, thymus, brain, lung, liver and heart muscle.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableThymosin beta 4 presence in rat and mouse tissues
    Study

    rat and mousen: not reported in source

    rat and mouse tissues
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    is present in a number of rat and mouse tissues, including spleen, thymus, brain, lung, liver, and heart muscle.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    High concentrations of thymosin beta‑4 are found in peritoneal macrophages.

    In plain wordsIn rats and mice, peritoneal macrophages held high levels of the body's own thymosin beta‑4.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableThymosin beta 4 in peritoneal macrophages
    Study

    rat and mousen: not reported in source

    rat and mouse peritoneal macrophages
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    High concentrations are found in peritoneal macrophages

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    High concentrations of thymosin beta‑4 were found in tissues of athymic (nu/nu) mice, so it does not originate solely in the thymus.

    In plain wordsIn mice without a thymus, tissues still held high levels of the body's own thymosin beta‑4.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableThymosin beta 4 in tissues of athymic mice
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    athymic (nu/nu) mice
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The conclusion that "thymosin" beta 4 does not originate solely in the thymus gland is supported by the high concentrations found in tissues of athymic (nu/nu) mice.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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