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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 1986

9 results

Thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 in serum: comparison of normal, cord, homosexual and AIDS serum.

Naylor PH, Friedman-Kien A, Hersh E, Erdos M, Goldstein AL

International journal of immunopharmacology1 Jan 1986Cited by 41 (Europe PMC)

PMID3781707 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/0192-0561(86)90001-9 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-03781707
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured9

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In normal donors, serum thymosin alpha‑1 levels measured by radioimmunoassay were 670 pg/ml in males and 652 pg/ml in females.

    In plain wordsIn healthy people, the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 in serum was about 670 pg/ml in men and 652 pg/ml in women.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    Not applicableNormal serum thymosin alpha 1 level
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Measurements

    Serum thymosin alpha 1
    670 pg/ml
    males
    Serum thymosin alpha 1
    652 pg/ml
    females

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Normal thymosin alpha 1 levels were 670 +/- 163 pg/ml for males and 652 +/- 162 pg/ml for females.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The levels of thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 were assessed by radioimmunoassay in the same serum samples.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    Serum thymosin alpha‑1 was elevated in 57% of individuals with AIDS.

    In plain wordsIn 57% of people with AIDS, the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 in blood was raised.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseProportion of AIDS patients with elevated serum thymosin alpha 1
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Normal serum
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Measurements

    Proportion with elevated thymosin alpha 1
    57%
    AIDS

    Source sentences

    Summary
    while thymosin alpha 1 and beta 4 are elevated in many individuals with AIDS (57 and 48% respectively)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The levels of thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 were assessed by radioimmunoassay in the same serum samples.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    Among individuals with AIDS-related immune dysfunctions, elevated serum levels were predominantly of thymosin alpha‑1 (54%) rather than thymosin beta 4 (15%).

    In plain wordsIn people with AIDS-related immune problems, the body's own thymosin alpha‑1 was raised more often (54%) than thymosin beta 4 (15%).

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseElevated thymosin alpha 1 in AIDS-related immune dysfunction
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Measurements

    Proportion with elevated thymosin alpha 1
    54%
    AIDS-related immune dysfunction
    Proportion with elevated thymosin beta 4
    15%
    AIDS-related immune dysfunction

    Source sentences

    Summary
    the individuals with AIDS related immune dysfunctions had predominantly elevated thymosin alpha 1 (54 vs 15%).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The levels of thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 were assessed by radioimmunoassay in the same serum samples.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    Many serum samples from neonates (cord blood), homosexuals and AIDS patients had elevated levels of one or both peptides, with no correlation between thymosin alpha‑1 and beta 4.

    In plain wordsMany samples from newborns, homosexual men and people with AIDS had raised natural thymosin alpha‑1 or beta 4, unrelated to each other.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseSerum thymosin alpha 1 in cord blood, homosexual donors and AIDS patients
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Although many samples of serum from neonates (cord blood), homosexuals and AIDS patients had elevated levels of one or both peptides, no correlation between the two peptides was found.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The levels of thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 were assessed by radioimmunoassay in the same serum samples.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin alpha-1. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  5. 05HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In normal donors, serum thymosin beta‑4 levels were 974 +/- 400 ng/ml for males and 889 +/- 345 ng/ml for females.

    In plain wordsIn healthy people, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 in blood was about 974 ng/ml in men and 889 ng/ml in women.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableNormal serum thymosin beta 4 level
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Measurements

    serum thymosin beta 4
    974 ng/ml
    males
    serum thymosin beta 4
    889 ng/ml
    females

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Normal thymosin beta 4 levels were 974 +/- 400 ng/ml for males and 889 +/- 345 ng/ml for females.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The levels of thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 were assessed by radioimmunoassay in the same serum samples.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  6. 06HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In serum from normal donors, no correlation was observed between thymosin beta‑4 and thymosin alpha 1 levels.

    In plain wordsIn healthy people, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 and thymosin alpha 1 levels in blood were not linked.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    No significant changeCorrelation with thymosin alpha 1 in normal serum
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    No correlation between the levels of the peptides in serum from normal donors was observed.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The levels of thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 were assessed by radioimmunoassay in the same serum samples.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  7. 07HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    Many serum samples from neonates, homosexual men and AIDS patients had elevated levels of one or both peptides, with no correlation between the two peptides.

    In plain wordsMany blood samples from newborns, homosexual men and AIDS patients had higher levels of one or both of the body's own thymosins.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    MixedSerum levels in cord blood, homosexual and AIDS samples
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Although many samples of serum from neonates (cord blood), homosexuals and AIDS patients had elevated levels of one or both peptides, no correlation between the two peptides was found.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The levels of thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 were assessed by radioimmunoassay in the same serum samples.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  8. 08HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    Serum thymosin beta‑4 was elevated in 48% of individuals with AIDS.

    In plain wordsIn people with AIDS, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 in blood was raised in 48% of them.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseElevated serum thymosin beta 4 in AIDS
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Measurements

    proportion with elevated level
    48%
    AIDS

    Source sentences

    Summary
    while thymosin alpha 1 and beta 4 are elevated in many individuals with AIDS (57 and 48% respectively)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The levels of thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 were assessed by radioimmunoassay in the same serum samples.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  9. 09HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    Individuals with AIDS related immune dysfunctions had elevated thymosin beta‑4 less often (15%) than elevated thymosin alpha 1 (54%).

    In plain wordsIn people with AIDS related immune problems, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 was raised in 15% of them, versus 54% for thymosin alpha 1.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseElevated serum thymosin beta 4 in AIDS related immune dysfunction
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Elevated thymosin alpha 1 (54%)
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Measurements

    proportion with elevated level
    15%
    AIDS related immune dysfunction

    Source sentences

    Summary
    the individuals with AIDS related immune dysfunctions had predominantly elevated thymosin alpha 1 (54 vs 15%)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The levels of thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 were assessed by radioimmunoassay in the same serum samples.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 4Current

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  2. Version 3

    10 Oct 2026, 08:55 UTC

    Study results updated

  3. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  4. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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