Differential expression of the human thymosin-beta 4 gene in lymphocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes.

Gondo H, Kudo J, White JW, Barr C, Selvanayagam P, Saunders GF

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)1 Dec 1987Cited by 54 (Europe PMC)

PMID3500230DOI10.4049/jimmunol.139.11.3840PepBankPUB-03500230

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study10

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured6

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01LabEndogenous levelEx vivo tissueMechanism
Steady state thymosin beta‑4 mRNA levels in neoplastic B lymphocytes varied with the differentiation stage.
In plain wordsIn human leukemia cells, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 messenger RNA differed by cell maturation stage.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
MixedThymosin-beta 4 mRNA across B lymphocyte differentiation stages
Study
humann: not reported in source
neoplastic B lymphocytes
Outcome group
Gene expression · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
Northern blot analyses of different neoplastic B lymphocytes revealed that steady state levels of thymosin-beta 4 mRNA varied as a function of differentiation stage.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0350023003
02LabEndogenous levelEx vivo tissueMechanism
Thymosin beta‑4 mRNA levels were decreased in myeloma cells, as were class II human leukocyte antigen, Fc receptor and complement receptor.
In plain wordsIn human myeloma cells, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 messenger RNA was lower.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseThymosin-beta 4 mRNA in myeloma cells
Study
humann: not reported in source
myeloma cells
Outcome group
Gene expression · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin-beta 4 mRNA levels were decreased in myeloma cells as are class II human leukocyte antigen, Fc receptor, and complement receptor, suggesting a relationship between thymosin-beta 4 and the immune response.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0350023004
03LabEndogenous levelEx vivo tissueMechanism
Thymosin beta‑4 mRNA was more highly expressed in mature granulocytes than in immature blastic cells.
In plain wordsIn human cells, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 messenger RNA was higher in mature granulocytes than in immature cells.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseThymosin-beta 4 mRNA in mature granulocytes versus immature blastic cells
Study
humann: not reported in source
granulocytes and blastic cells
Comparator
Immature blastic cells
Outcome group
Gene expression · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin-beta 4 mRNA was more highly expressed in mature granulocytes than in immature blastic cells.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0350023005
04LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Treatment of THP-1 monocytic cells with recombinant human interferon-lambda reduced thymosin beta‑4 mRNA levels.
In plain wordsIn human cells, interferon-lambda lowered the body's own thymosin beta‑4 messenger RNA.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseThymosin-beta 4 mRNA after interferon-lambda in THP-1 cells
Study
humann: not reported in source
THP-1 monocytic cell line
Outcome group
Gene expression · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment of THP-1 cells, a human monocytic cell line, with recombinant human interferon-lambda reduced the levels of thymosin-beta 4 mRNA.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0350023006
05LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Thymosin beta‑4 mRNA level decreased after differentiation of THP-1 cells into Ia+ macrophages.
In plain wordsIn human cells, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 messenger RNA fell when THP-1 cells became macrophages.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseThymosin-beta 4 mRNA after THP-1 differentiation into Ia+ macrophages
Study
humann: not reported in source
THP-1 cells differentiated into Ia+ macrophages
Outcome group
Gene expression · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
Its level decreased after differentiation of THP-1 cells into Ia+ macrophages, but increased after differentiation of HL-60 cells into Ia- macrophages.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0350023007
06LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Thymosin beta‑4 mRNA level increased after differentiation of HL-60 cells into Ia- macrophages.
In plain wordsIn human cells, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 messenger RNA rose when HL-60 cells became macrophages.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseThymosin-beta 4 mRNA after HL-60 differentiation into Ia- macrophages
Study
humann: not reported in source
HL-60 cells differentiated into Ia- macrophages
Outcome group
Gene expression · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
Its level decreased after differentiation of THP-1 cells into Ia+ macrophages, but increased after differentiation of HL-60 cells into Ia- macrophages.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0350023008

Studies that did not test the peptide alone4

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

07LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneEx vivo tissueOther
Human thymosin beta‑4 mRNA was approximately 830 nucleotides long, about 30 nucleotides larger than rat thymosin beta‑4 mRNA.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, human thymosin beta‑4 messenger RNA was slightly longer than the rat version.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableLength of human thymosin-beta 4 mRNA
Study
humann: not reported in source
RNA from malignant leukocytes
Outcome group
Synthesis and manufacturing · Pharmacology
Measurements
mRNA length
≈ 830 nucleotides
human thymosin-beta 4
Source sentences
Summary
Human thymosin-beta 4 mRNA, approximately 830 nucleotides in length, was about 30 nucleotides larger than rat thymosin-beta 4 mRNA.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-0350023002
08Computer modelNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn silicoOther
Nine of 132 nucleotides differed in the coding sequences of human and rat thymosin beta‑4 (93% homology), but the deduced amino acid sequences were identical.
In plain wordsIn sequence comparison, human and rat thymosin beta‑4 had identical amino acid sequences.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableSequence conservation of thymosin-beta 4 between human and rat
Study
humann: not reported in source
cDNA sequence comparison
Outcome group
Synthesis and manufacturing · Pharmacology
Measurements
nucleotide homology
93%
coding region, human versus rat
Source sentences
Summary
Nine of 132 nucleotides were different in the coding sequences (93% homology), but the deduced amino acid sequences were identical.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-0350023001
09Computer modelNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn silicoOther
A human cDNA clone contained the entire coding sequence of 43 amino acid residues of thymosin beta‑4, with an initiation codon and two termination codons.
In plain wordsIn sequence analysis, the human thymosin beta‑4 gene clone coded for 43 amino acids.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableCoding sequence length of the human thymosin-beta 4 cDNA clone
Study
humann: not reported in source
cDNA clone from leukocyte library
Outcome group
Synthesis and manufacturing · Pharmacology
Measurements
coding sequence length
43 amino acid residues
human thymosin-beta 4 cDNA clone
Source sentences
Summary
This clone contained the entire coding sequence of 43 amino acid residues of thymosin-beta 4 and had an initiation codon and two termination codons.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-0350023009
10Computer modelNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn silicoOther
No signal peptide was found in the deduced protein sequence of human thymosin beta‑4.
In plain wordsIn sequence analysis, no signal peptide was found in human thymosin beta‑4.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableSignal peptide in the deduced human thymosin-beta 4 sequence
Study
humann: not reported in source
deduced protein sequence from cDNA clone
Outcome group
Synthesis and manufacturing · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
No signal peptide was found in the deduced protein sequence.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-0350023010

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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